双酚A和壬基酚对河蚬呼吸代谢和抗氧化酶活性的影响

为了研究双酚A（Bisphenol A，BPA）和壬基酚（Nonylphenol，NP）对河蚬（Corbicula fluminea）呼吸代谢能力和抗氧化酶活性的影响，探讨BPA和NP对河蚬的毒性作用。以河蚬为受试生物，采用半静态染毒法，研究了BPA和NP对河蚬的单一毒性等级、联合毒性作用类型和对河蚬耗氧率、排氨率以及抗氧化酶系统中SOD、CAT活性的影响。结果显示：① BPA、NP对河蚬的半致死质量浓度（96 h-LC50）分别为6.34和1.09 mg＆#183;L-1，毒性顺序为NP＞BPA，二者均为高毒物质；② BPA-NP对河蚬毒性作用类型为协同作用；③亚急性毒性指标耗氧率、排氨率以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）对BPA、NP及二者混合物均比较敏感，在本试验的质量浓度范围内（BPA：0.63、0.79、1.59、3.17 mg＆#183;L-1；NP：0.109、0.136、0.271、0.542 mg＆#183;L-1；BPA＋NP：（0.0782＋0.029）、（0.0978＋0.0363）、（0.196＋0.0725）、（0.391＋0.145） mg＆#183;L-1），河蚬耗氧率、排氨率以及两种酶活性变化均呈现先下降后上升再下降的趋势，其中在BPA、NP和二者混合物的质量浓度较低时，河蚬的耗氧率和排氨率、SOD和CAT活性只有微小降低，随着质量浓度的升高，河蚬耗氧率和排氨率、两个酶活性相对均有所升高，而在质量浓度极高时其耗氧率和排氨率以及两个酶活性才又受到显著性或极显著性的抑制。实验结果显示河蚬耗氧率、排氨率和SOD、CAT活性对水体中酚类内分泌干扰物反应敏感，具有较好的一致性和规律性，耗氧率、排氨率和SOD、CAT活性与其他敏感性指标一起可以作为酚类内分泌干扰物污染的一项早期监测指标。

Effects of BPA and NP on respiratory metabolism and antioxidant enzymes in Asian calm

In the present study, the effect of BPA and NP on respiratory metabolism and antioxidant enzymes in Asian clam （Corbicula fluminea） including oxygen consumption rate （OCR）, the ammonia excretory rate （AER）, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes （superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT）） were studied by semi-static method test.The results showed that： ① the 96 h-LC50 of BPA and NP were 6.34 and 1.09 mg·L-1, respectively, and they were both categorized as high toxic substances; ② BPA and NP had a synergistic effect on chronic and acute toxicity; ③ In the range of the experimental concentrations（BPA：0.63, 0.79 , 1.59, 3.17 mg·L-1;NP：0.109, 0.136, 0.271, 0.542 mg·L-1;BPA＋NP：（0.078 2＋0.029）, （0.097 8＋0.036 3）, （0.196＋0.072 5）, （0.391＋0.145） mg·L-1）, the response of OCR, AER, SOD and CAT to BPA and NP showed a typical pattern. There was only a minor decrease for the OCR, AER, SOD and CAT at low concentrations of BPA, NP and the mixture, and these activities were up-regulated as the concentrations of pollutants were increased, but they were significantly inhibited when the concentration of pollutants were increased up to 1/2 LC50. The present studies indicated that the OCR, AER, SOD and CAT in clams could be considered as an indicator for pEDCs pollution in early stage.