人为诱导下中国的土壤退化问题

根据ASSOD人为诱导下土壤退化的概念，结合中国的实际情况，分析了中国土壤侵蚀、荒漠化、盐碱化、贫瘠化、潜育化、土壤污染和土壤生产力丧失等主要土壤退化类型的动态变化，概括了中国人为诱导下土壤退化的特点及研究前景。到目前为止，中国土壤侵蚀的总面积约占全国土地面积的六分之一，主要分布在黄河流域、南方红色土壤丘陵地区和东北地区；土壤荒漠化主要分布在北部和西北部，特别是农牧交错地带，其原因主要包括不当的土地利用方式和沙丘移动占据农地或牧场而使之丧失生产功能；土壤盐碱化主要分布在黄淮海平原、东北平原西部、黄河河套地区、西北内陆地区，其原因主要是由于人为灌溉造成的土壤次生盐碱化所致；由于过度垦殖，土壤因有机质匮乏而导致养分失衡；土壤养分长期的低投入、高支出造成全国范围土壤肥力的下降；土壤潜育化主要分布在东北和四川阿坝地区，冻融造成土壤表层滞水是其主要成因；随着化学农业和城市化对农田的影响，土壤中的有毒物质不断积累，土壤大量被用于非农业，土壤性状、环境发生了显著变化，也对人类健康构成了严重的威胁。

Human-induced soil degradation in China

Based upon the concepts of ASSOD for soil degradation, the reality of China and some references, the paper presents the dynamic changes of different kinds of soil degradation in China while discussing the characteristics of the soil degradation, the problem and prospect of the related research in China. One sixth of Chinese national land is more or less eroded that is mainly distributed in the Yellow River drainage area, south China hilly area and northeast China. Land uses in some wrong ways and moveable dunes result in the desertification in north and northwest China especially the interlaced belt between agricultural and stock raising farms. Soil salinization resulted from irrigation is mainly located in the Huanghuaihai plain, west part of northeast China plain and northwest inland China. Almost all cultivated soils nationwide in China are declining in their fertility because of the bad balance between nutrient input and output. Soil gleyization can be found mainly in northeast China and Aba region in Sichuan province resulted from processes including freezing and thawing, surface waterlogging. Soil pollution and non-agricultural use of the soils are two problems caused by the quickly grown industrialization and urbanization in China.