长期定位施肥土壤有效磷与速效钾的剖面分布及对作物产量的影响

通过25年的长期定位试验研究不同的施肥方式对土壤有效磷与速效钾质量分数及水稻产量的影响。研究结果表明：有机肥配合施用氮、磷、钾肥能够大大提高土壤耕层有效磷的质量分数,施肥主要影响土壤耕层有效磷的质量分数,对其它土层影响不明显。有机肥配合施用氮、磷、钾肥能够提高土壤耕层速效钾的质量分数,对20~40 cm土层土壤速效钾质量分数也有提高作用。化肥配合有机肥施用稻谷的产量高于单施化肥或单施有机肥,单施化肥或单施有机肥稻谷的产量高于不施肥的对照。因此,为了提高土壤肥力与作物产量,最好的培肥方式是有机肥配施氮磷钾肥。

Profile distribution of soil available phosphorus and available potassium concentrations and crop grain yields in long-term fertilization experiment

In order to study to effect of different fertilization method on soil available phosphorus and available potassium concentrations and crop yields,twenty-five years long-term fertilization experiment was carried out in Nanhu experiment station,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences.The results showed that application of NPK fertilizer in combination with manure could significantly increase soil available phosphorus concentrations of topsoil.Fertilization mainly affects soil available phosphorus concentrations in plow layer,and soil in the other soil layer isn’t significantly influenced by fertilization.The application of NPK fertilizer in combination with manure could enhance soil available potassium concentrations in topsoil and 20-40 cm soil layer.The rice grain yields were higher in chemical fertilizer combined with manure treatment than single application of chemical fertilizer or single application of manure treatment.The rice grain yields were higher in single application of chemical fertilizer or single application of manure treatment than in control.Therefore,in order to improve soil fertility and crop yields,the best method of application fertilizer is NPK fertilizer in combination with manure.