云南高原常见湖滨湿地植物群落对生活污水氮的净化研究

湿地植物具有净化水质的特殊功能,研究不同湿地植物群落对生活污水净化效果及机理,对退化湿地的恢复与人工湿地的构建具有重要的理论和现实意义。选取小黑三棱＋杉叶藻＋荇菜（Com.Sparganium simplex＋Hippuris vulgaris＋Nymphoidespeltatum）、水葱＋睡菜＋荇菜（Com.Scirpus validus＋Menyanthes trifoliate＋Nymphoides peltatum）、菰＋荸荠＋荇菜（Com.Zizaniacaduciflora＋Heleocharis yunnanensis＋Nymphoides peltatum）和香蒲＋睡菜＋眼子菜（Com.Typha przewalskii＋Menyanthestrifoliate＋Potamogeton distinctus）等4种云南高原常见湖滨湿地植物群落作为实验材料进行水质净化模拟研究。结果表明：供试植物都能较好的适应生活污水环境,各植物全株氮质量分数在12.37～19.55 mg.g-1之间,各群落植物氮累积量为229～269 mg.m-2,对生活污水脱氮贡献率为10.11%～11.21%;各群落对生活污水TN的去除率都在75%以上,均显著高于无植物对照组（P〈0.05）,其中水葱＋睡菜＋荇菜（Scirpus validus＋Menyanthes trifoliate＋Nymphoides peltatum）群落对生活污水TN去除效果显著优于其他3种群落（P〈0.05）,去除率高达（93.79±1.27）%;试验期间,各群落污水N03--N与TN浓度之间显著负相关（r=–0.597,P〈0.05）,能很好的揭示氮的去除过程;各群落植物净增生物量与群落TN累积量显著正相关（r=0.953,P〈0.05）,表明收割植物可充分发挥湿地植物的脱氮潜力;植物群落能有效增强和促进湿地系统对污水中氮的净化能力,各植物群落对污水TN去除贡献率在29.24%～43.57%之间,群落内植物生长特性及其种间关系是各植物群落水质净化效果存在显著差异的主要原因。

Purification effects of common lakeside plant communities in plateau wetlands of Yunnan on the removal of sewage nitrogen

Wetland plants particularly have the function of water purification.It is important to study the mechanism and effect of different wetland plant communities on the removal of sewage nutrients,which has theoretical and practical significance in the restoration of degraded wetland or construction of artificial wetland.Four common lakeside plant communities of Sparganium simplex ＋ Hippuris vulgaris ＋ Nymphoides peltatum,Scirpusvalidus ＋ Menyanthes trifoliate ＋ Nymphoides peltatum,Zizania caduciflora ＋ Heleocharisyunnanensis ＋ Hippuris vulgaris and Typha przewalskii ＋ Menyanthestrifoliate ＋ Potamogeton malaianus in plateau wetlands of Yunnan were selected to carry out a simulation experiment for the water purification.The results showed that all test plants adapted themselves to the sewage and the nitrogen content within each plant was found by 12.37 mg.g-1 to 19.55 mg.g-1.The accumulation of nitrogen by each community ranged from 229 to 269 mg.m-2indicated that the denitrifying contribution to sewage was 10.11% to 11.21% and the removal rate of TN reached to 75%,which was higher than the control（P0.05）.The community of Scirpus validus＋ Menyanthes trifoliate＋ Nymphoides peltatum had the best purifying effect among four communities（P0.05） and its removal rate was（93.79±1.27）%.There was significantly negative correlation between NO3--N and TN（r=﹣0.597,P0.05）,which indicated that it was the process of removing nitrogen from sewage.Whilst there was significantly positive correlation between net increase of biomass and the accumulation of TN（r=0.953,P0.05）,which seems a way to remove out nitrogen from the system by harvesting plants.The plant community efficiently promoted sewage nitrogen removal and the average removal rate was from 29.42 to 43.57%.The denitrifying contribution different from plant communities was because of the characteristics of plant itself and the relationships among each other in the community.