不同空间配置的湿地植物群落对生活污水的净化作用研究

植物是湿地生态系统的重要组分,湿地湖滨植物群落物种组成和空间格局对湿地水体净化功能具有重要作用。选择茭草（Zizania caduciflora）、野菱（Trapa incisa）、金鱼藻（Ceratophyllum demersum）和蓖齿眼子菜（Potamogeton pectinatus）等4种云南高原湿地常见湖滨带植物物种,以不同配置方式分别构建4种不同植物群落：茭草-金鱼藻-金鱼藻（Z-C-C）、茭草-野菱-金鱼藻（Z-T-C）、茭草-蓖齿眼子菜-蓖齿眼子菜（Z-P-P）、和茭草-蓖齿眼子菜-金鱼藻（Z-P-C）,对不同植物群落净化污水的效果进行对比研究。结果表明：4种不同植物群落人工湿地对生活污水净化效果不同,经过Z-C-C群落处理后水体的COD降低率为（50.56±1.98）%,显著低于Z-T-C群落（69.66±4.15）%、Z-P-P群落（64.29±1.05）%,Z-P-C群落（66.67±1.13）%,（P〈0.05）;经过Z-T-C群落处理后水体TN降低率为（24.69±4.64）%,显著低于Z-C-C群落（53.29±0.71）%、Z-P-P群落（53.36±2.04）%、Z-P-C群落（54.44±0.29）%,（P〈0.05）;各群落对NH4＋-N去除率有显著差异（P〈0.05）,分别为（71.77±0.37）%,（67.22±0.53）%,（69.22±0.13）%,（80.85±0.31）%。研究表明：3种植物配置模式对生活污水的净化效果比2种植物配置模式的好;适当增加沉水植物的配置比例,可提高人工湿地对氮的去除效果;根系发达的植物具有更强的净化效果。

Compare the purification effects of sewage by the wetland plant community composition and spatial patterns

Hygrophytes are an important part of a constructed wetland system.Species composition and spatial patterns of wetland plant communities are important in the water-cleaning functions of wetlands.Four common wetland plants（Zizania caduciflora,Trapa incise,Ceratophyllum demersum and Potamogeton pectinatus） in natural wetlands on Yunnan plateau were chosen to construct four different plant communities：Zizania caduciflora-Ceratophyllum demersum-Ceratophyllum demersum（Z-C-C）,Zizania caduciflora-Trapa incise-Ceratophyllum demersum（Z-T-C）,Zizania caduciflora-Potamogeto pectinatus-Potamogeton pectinatus（Z-P-P） and Zizania caduciflora-Potamogeton pectinatus-Ceratophyllum demersum（Z-P-C）.The study compared the effect of the different plant communities on the treatment of domestic sewage.The result were as follows：the four different plant communities in constructed wetlands had different impact,the COD reduction rate was（50.56±1.98）% in the Z-C-C,significantly lower than Z-T-C（69.66±4.15）%,Z-P-P（64.29±1.05）% and Z-P-C（66.6±1.13）%,（P0.05）;the TN reduction rate was（24.69±4.64）% in the Z-T-C,significantly lower than Z-C-C（53.29±0.71）%,Z-P-P（53.36±2.04）%,Z-P-C（54.44±0.29）%,（P0.05）;there was also a significant variation among these four different plant communities in the reduction rate of NH4＋-N（P0.05）,（71.77±0.37）%,（67.22±0.53）%,（69.22±0.13）%,（80.85±0.31）% respectively.This study showed that constructed wetlands with three species of plants had a better effect on the treatment of domestic sewage than those with only two species of plants.In addition,when proper allocation ratio of submerged plant was increased,it could improve the clean-up effect of nitrogen.The plants with well developed root had greater clean-up effect.