秸秆覆盖对旱地红壤水分动态变化的影响

在中国科学院红壤生态实验站的猕猴桃园上进行秸秆覆盖改进方法的试验．结果表明，旱地红壤覆盖秸秆后再覆±5-10cm，与原来单纯覆盖秸秆相比，在干旱季节表层土壤水分含量可增加1．5％，凋萎含水量出现几率减少8％，抗旱效果大大增强，是一种值得推广的防旱措施．另外，与对照相比，深翻0．8m对改善土壤水分状况也有明显效果．不同覆盖物的试验结果表明，覆盖草本植物残体，在改善表层土壤水分状况、提高作物产量上的效果优于覆盖秸秆植物残体，建议在应用诸如玉米等稿秆作物的秸秆进行覆盖时应进行切碎处理并适当配施无机肥料．

Effects of Improving Straw Mulching on the Dynamic Change of Red Soil Moistsure in Drought Condition

An positioning experiment about improving way of straw mulching was conducted at the Ecological ExpermentalStation of Red Soil, Academia Sinica. Compared with the conventional way (surface mulching), muching with 5~10cm cover of sol could increase soil water content by 1 .5%, and decrease probability of occurrence of wilting moistureby 8% in drought season, thus improving the anti-drought effects. In addition, cmpared with control, deep ploughingcould increase the surface soil water content. The result of experiment on different mulch materials showed that theapplication of ryegrass and peanut vine was superior to corn stover to the improvement of surface soil moisture, and theincrease in crop yields. It is suggested that corn stover serving as mulch materials should be cut into pieces andcompanied with the appation of inorganic fertilizers.