基于CVM方法分析牧民对禁牧政策的受偿意愿——以锡林郭勒草原为例

确定居民对生态措施实施的受偿意愿,对目前迫切需要的生态补偿政策制定以及生态恢复和保护的有效性具有重要的现实意义。选用锡林郭勒草原为案例区域,通过入户调查及在那达慕大会集中调查相结合的方式,调查锡林郭勒草原地区牧民对禁牧措施的态度和受偿意愿。分析结果显示:53%的牧民愿意参加禁牧,而不愿意参加禁牧主要是由于补偿标准不合理引起的。计量经济学模型分析表明,牧民对禁牧的支持态度与牧民的收入和草地面积呈正相关,与养羊数量呈负相关。牧民的受偿意愿由牧民养羊数量、受教育年限、草地现状以及对禁牧政策的支持程度决定。根据意愿调查法初步估算锡林郭勒草原地区禁牧措施实施后牧民的补偿意愿,牧民家庭对禁牧政策的平均受偿意愿为每年每户2.7717万元,人均受偿意愿为8399元,平均每1hm2草地受偿意愿为85.95元。

Herdsmen's willingness to accept (WTA) compensation for implement of prohibiting-graze policy in Xilinguole steppe

Reasonable compensation standard in ecological restoration projects is an issue of prime concern,especially in developing countries.Large financial inputs have been devoted to these projects,but many have failed to meet the needs of the intended benefi-ciaries.In China,'returning herds to grass' project has faced the same constraints.The present study adopts the Contingent Valuation Method(CVM)aiming to analyze the willingness to accept(WTA)compensation for implement of prohibiting-graze policy in this project.Xilinguole steppe is the largest north ecological barrier and typical grassland in China.This survey covers the main animal hus-bandry regions in Xilinguole steppe through investigation of herdsman both in Mongolian traditional activity-Nadam and in their residence,which included 300 households and covered 1.2 million hm2 grassland.Results showed that 47% herdsman was against the prohibiting-graze policy because of cost increment,less life safeguard,insufficient compensation and bad recovery effects.Econometrics model Analysis indicated that the attitude of herdsman was positive correlated to their income and household grassland areas and negative correlated to household sheep quantity.The WTA of herdsmen were determined by household sheep quantity,education,grassland condition and attitude towards this policy.Using the data of 2003 and interval regression model,the average compensation standard was estimated,which was 27 717 yuan per household,8 399 yuan per capita,and 80.55 yuan per hector of grassland.