盐碱胁迫对水稻主要生育性状的影响

对7个水稻品种(品系)和苏打盐碱土(pH6．5～19．81)进行盆栽试验，探讨了盐碱胁迫对水稻株高、秆长、分蘖和抽穗期等主要生育性状的影响。结果表明，盐碱胁迫使水稻株高降低、秆长缩短，且盐碱度越大，降低幅度越大；盐碱胁迫使水稻单株分蘖力明显下降，使分蘖高峰明显推迟或不出现分蘖高峰；水稻抽穗期随着盐碱度的提高，其延长的天数越长，并且发现不耐盐碱的早熟品种比耐盐碱的中晚熟品种抽穗晚；水稻成熟期的株高或秆长不宜作为衡量其耐盐碱强弱的主要指标，只能作为一般参考指标。水稻单株分蘖力(茎蘖数)和抽穗期存在明显的基因型差异，是衡量水稻耐盐碱强弱的良好指标。盐碱地种稻应重视选择单株分蘖力较强的耐盐碱品种，这对提高单位面积的有效穗数具有十分重要的意义。

Effect of the main growth characteristics of rice under saline-alkali stress

With pot-culture experiment, the main growth characteristics of 7 rice varieties such as plant height, tiller, length of knots, heading stage, et al. were studied under saline-alkali stress (pH 6.51~9.81). The results indicated that the heavier saline-alkali stress was, the more rice plant height dropped. Tillering capability of per plant decreased and heading stage was obviously put off or did not turn up tillering tip. With saline-alkali stress strengthening, the heading stage changed the longer, and the heading stage of saline-alkali sensitive early rice varieties was later than the saline-alkali tolerant middle late rice varieties. Tillering capability of per plant and the heading stage had obvious genotype difference above points and they could be taken as the criterial indicators of saline-alkali tolerance of rice varieties. But plant height and length of knots within rice maturity stage could not and could be taken as the reference criterial indicators. It was very important that high tiller capability of per plant for saline-alkali tolerance of rice varieties in saline-alkali area was selected to improve effective tiller number of per unit area.