江苏沿海地区海洋灾害类型及其防治探讨

根据江苏沿海地区的地质地貌及气候的特点,综合分析了危害江苏沿海的海洋灾害类型,主要有海洋地质灾害、气候灾害和生物灾害等三种类型。地质灾害主要包括海岸侵蚀、海岸坍塌、和海平面上升;气候灾害主要包括台风风暴潮;生物灾害主要包括赤潮、湿地滩涂面积缩小等。提出相应的防治措施:(1)加强对海岸带地质背景和地质灾害研究,应用GIS和RS等先进技术建立海洋灾害信息系统;(2)加强海防工程建设,加高海堤提高质量,以防御灾害性海浪、风暴潮等侵袭;(3)应用生态学原理,建立沿海生态防护网,增强对风暴潮抵御能力保护沿海湿地资源;(4)加强对海洋灾害及防御知识的教育和对防灾减灾的管理等。

Marine disasters and strategy for damage mitigation in coastal zone of Jiangsu

Marine disasters are harmful to the development of economy and society of coastal zone. Jiangsu province has long coastline and broad coastal zone, where marine resources development and marine economy have been blocked by marine disasters and incalculable loss was caused. The article analyses the characteristics of geology and climate of coastal zone in Jiangsu province, by virtue of the data from correlative research, the main kinds of marine disasters in Jiangsu coastal zone expounded, there are three kinds disasters: the first kind because of marine geology, including earthquake in the sea, seacoast collapse, beach erosion, sea level rise and so on, the second is caused by climate which mainly includes typhoon, storm surge, and the third kind includes red tide, biological invasions, reclamation of coastal wetlands etc. At the end of the article, some suggestions are brought forward: strengthening the research of the characteristics of the marine disasters based on the geology and master the rule of the geology change; improving the defending power of the engineering in the coast zone, adding the number of the ocean engineering, increasing the height and quality of the sea wall in order to defend typhoon, storm surge and some catastrophic ocean wave; building the marine disasters information system and increasing the power of prevent; strengthening the education and management about marine disasters defending and so on. Through these measures to build a healthy and safe environment and promote the development of the sea economy and society of coastal zone in Jiangsu province.