外源铁、磷对堆肥腐熟的影响及“腐殖酸-Fe-P”复合体的形成初探

针对堆肥过程中氮素损失严重,产品品质低下的问题,试验以FeCl3和Ca3（PO4）2（干质量比1∶1）混合物分别按10%（处理A）和15%（处理B）的比例添加到堆肥原料中,以未加任何外源物质的处理作为对照,进行添加外源铁、磷是否会促进堆肥腐熟、提高产品品质的研究。结果表明,与对照处理相比,外源铁、磷对堆肥油菜籽（Brassica napus）发芽率指数影响不大,但产品的氮素含量明显提高,分别高于对照1.42%和1.17%;外源铁、磷加速有机质的分解,有机质分解率分别高于对照处理13%和3.3%;外源铁、磷对堆肥产品腐殖酸结合的Fe含量分别为对照处理的4.4倍和1.98倍,铁结合的磷含量分别为9.12、5.91g·kg-1,对照处理仅为2.21g·kg-1,并通过相关文献讨论,提出堆肥体中可能形成了＂腐殖酸-Fe-P＂三元复合体的假设。从作用和成本上来看,处理A的添加比例较处理B合适。

Effect of FeCl3 and Ca3(PO4)2 on composting maturity and study on synthesis of ternary compound substance

Aimed at controlling Nitrogen loss and improving compost quality during composting,with an unamended trial as control （CK）,an absorbent mixture of FeCl3 and Ca3（PO4）2（according to 1：1 in the molar ratio）was added to compostmixtures of swine manure with cornstalk with proportions of 10%and 15%of dry weight for TA and TB respectively in order to examine its influence on maturity of composting.The results showed that content of total nitrogen enhanced 1.42%and 1.17%compared with the unamended trial respectively.By analyzing the organic carbon,it was found that amendments accelerate the degradation of organic matter,the acceleration of Total C for TA and TB were enhanced 13%and 3.3%compared with the unamended trial respectively.In the compost product,Fe content which humic acid combined in TA and TB was 4.4 and 1.98 times as much as CK respectively.Phosphorus content which Fe combined in TA and TB was 9.12 and 5.91 g·kg-1respectively,which CK was 2.21 g·kg-1only.A ternary compound substance of organic acid-Fe-P could probably formed by adding the mixed additives of FeCl3 and Ca3（PO4）2.It is more appropriate for TA than TB according to the function and cost.