环境光强对糯玉米籽粒主要品质成分的影响

作物生长发育期间的环境光强是影响作物品质的主要因素之一。为了解不同环境光强对鲜食型糯玉米籽粒品质的影响,以香白糯(Xiangbainuo)为材料,采用人工遮光的方法模拟不同的环境光强,在糯玉米籽粒灌浆期间测定其籽粒粗蛋白、淀粉、脂肪、水分含量的变化规律和收获时籽粒的氨基酸总量及氨基酸各组分含量。结果表明,遮光没有明显改变糯玉米灌浆期间籽粒中主要品质成分的变化趋势,但对主要品质成分所占质量分数的影响很大。弱光(40%全光照)与自然光照(100%全光照)相比,糯玉米授粉后30d时,其籽粒中粗蛋白和淀粉的质量分数分别增加1.56和3.5个百分点,脂肪减少了1.5个百分点;自然光照条件下糯玉米籽粒的含水量每天以1.31%的速率减少,其脱水速率高于弱光下糯玉米籽粒脱水速率0.17个百分点。收获时,40%全光照条件下糯玉米籽粒中粗蛋白质量分数、氨基酸总量和赖氨酸质量分数高于自然光照和80%全光照时的质量分数,而糯玉米籽粒的百粒干质量显著降低。

Effects of light regimes on main components in waxy maize

Light regime during the growth of crop is one of the main factors affecting the components of crop. In order to analyze the effects of different light regimes on the components of waxy maize, Xiangbainuo, a waxy maize hybrid was planted by artificial shading. It was raised under three light regimes: 100% of sunlight, 80% of sunlight and 40% of sunlight for its whole life long. The contents of crude protein, starch, fat, and grain water during grain filling were determined. The amino acid and lysine contents of grain were also measured at harvest. The results indicated that various light regimes were not able to change the trend of main components, but quantity showed the difference. The contents of crude protein and starch under week light regime (40% of sunlight) were higher than that of grain under nature light regime (100% of sunlight) by 1.56% and 3.5%, and the content of fat was lower by 1.5% on the 30th day after pollination, while the seed water contents under nature light regimes was declined by 1.31% each day after pollination, more quickly than that of the grain under week light regime by 0.17%. At harvest day, the contents of crude protein, amino acid and lysine under week light regime were higher than that of the grain under nature light and 80% of sunlight regime, but dry weight per hundred kernel of grain lowered significantly.