江南丘陵红壤区的农业水资源特征与调控利用——以江西省余江县为例

农业水资源按分布空间分为大气降水、地表水、土壤水和地下水。江南丘陵红壤区的各类水资源特征是:大气降水丰沛而时空分配不均;地表水多而径流、蒸发量大;红壤贮水库容小、深层水多而有效性差;地下潜水较多而承压水少。针对上述特征,应因地制宜通过工程、生物、农艺措施进行水资源调控,针对“四水”进行人工降雨,地表水集蓄,增加土壤深层水、有效水利用和潜水开发等,以蓄丰补欠、趋利避害,提高水资源的利用率。

Control and exploitation with the feature of agricultural water resources in red soil area of Jiangnan hills:A case study in Yujiang county of Jiangxi province

According to the space distribution, the agriculture water resource is divided into four parts: atmosphere precipitation, surface water, soil water and ground water. Atmosphere precipitation is plentiful. However, there's a great different in various spatial and temporal. Surface water is excessive, but it's easy to runoff and the evaporate quantity is enormous. The capacity of storage water in red soil is low, and the deep water is affluent with bad quality. Unconfined water is abundance but confined water is scarcity. Aiming at solving the above problems, we should strength our water resource control with engineering, biology and agriculture. And we should raise the effect of water resource by some science methods such as the artificial modification of rain, the amassment of surface water, the adjustment of deep water and the exploitation of unconfined water.