镉在土壤-植物系统中的迁移转化及其影响因素

重金属镉(Cd)被列为环境污染物中最危险的五种物质之一。因其极易通过食物链在人体内积累并危害人体健康的特性，环境Cd污染尤其是土壤系统的Cd污染已成为国内外环境污染研究的热点，Cd在土壤一植物系统中迁移转化规律备受关注。本文概述了国内外土壤Cd污染研究现状；在已有研究的基础上，总结并阐述了影响Cd在土壤一植物系统中迁移转化的几个重要因素：土壤基本理化性质(pH值、有机质等)、Zn元素、P元素、陪伴阴离子Cl^-和SO4^2-，其中包括尚未被普遍认识的P元素和陪伴阴离子Cl^-和SO4^2-；并详细论述了各因子对Cd在土壤一植物系统中迁移转化的影响及其可能机理。

Transport and transformation of cadmium in soil-plant systems and the influence factors

Cadmium (Cd) is non-essential for plants and animals and is known as one of the five most toxic environment pollutants. It can be absorbed readily by crops and accumulated in human body through food chains, resulting in human body health problems. With the addition of Cd-containing manures, fertilizers, sewage, biosolids and other soil amendments, soil contamination is becom-ing serious over large areas. Accordingly, soil contamination with Cd and other heavy metals and plant uptake of those heavy metals has been one of the focuses of environmental science because of their transportation and accumulation in food chains. There are many factors that affect Cd transport in soil-plant system such as soil pH, soil redox potential, cation exchange capacity, plant species, and fertilizer application etc. In this paper, advances in studies on Cd transport and transformation in soil-plant systems were re-viewed emphasizing on four factors: soil properties, Zn element, P element and accompanying anions (Cl- and SO42-) with two re-cently discovered factors (P element and accompanying anions (Cl- and SO42-)) described, and the possible mechanisms of their in-fluence were expounded.