不同特性底质对沉水植物恢复生长的影响

通过室内模拟实验,研究了3种土壤基质（沙土、粘土和腐殖土）分别与河岸边土壤按5个质量分数（5%、10%、30%、50%和80%）掺混形成的不同成分底质分别对菹草（Potamogeton crispus）、轮叶黑藻（Hydrilla verticillata）和微齿眼子菜（Potamogeton maackianus）顶枝断枝恢复生长的影响。结果表明：（1）在3种基质与岸边土壤掺混的底质上,实验结束时菹草的平均最高植株分别出现在5%SA（沙土与岸边土掺混）底质、50%NA（粘土与岸边土掺混）底质和10%FA（腐殖土与岸边土掺混）底质,株高分别达到30、48和45 cm;轮叶黑藻的平均最高植株分别出现在10%SA底质、50%NA底质和30%FA底质,株高分别达到47、82和59 cm;微齿眼子菜在3种基质掺混的底质上植株株高几乎没有增高;（2）生长于同种底质的植株,单位高度上菹草的生物量大于轮叶黑藻,微齿眼子菜的生物量几乎没有增加。因此,适宜菹草和轮叶黑藻恢复生长的基质顺序为粘土〉腐殖土〉沙土,微齿眼子菜在3种基质掺混的底质上几乎没有生长;植株对于特性底质适应性强弱的顺序依次为轮叶黑藻〉菹草〉微齿眼子菜。

Effects of sediments with different charateristics on restoration of submerged macrophytes

Different sediments（sand,clay and muck） mixed with local soils in five proportions（5%,10%,30%,50% and 80%） were investigated through simulation experiments in laboratory on their effects on the growth of three submerged macrophytes potamogeton crispus,hydrilla verticillata and potamogeton maackianus,respectively.The results showed that：（1） The greatest heights of P.crispus were 30 cm,48 cm,and 45 cm,occurred in the 5%SA（sand mixed with soil）,50%NA（clay mixed with soil） and 10%FA（muck mixed with soil） respectively,and the greatest heights of H.verticillata were 47 cm,82 cm,and 59 cm in the 10%SA,50%NA and 30%FA,respectively.（2） The biomass of P.crispus was much greater than that of H.verticillata in the same sediments,while the biomass of P.maackianus remained almost unchanged.In conclusion,the sediments suitable for growing P.crispus and H.verticillata were in the order of claymucksand,while P.maackianus could not grow in all the sediments under the laboratory conditions;and the adaptability of plants to the sediments were in the order of H.verticillataP.crispusP.maackianus.