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长江口浮游植物分布情况及与径流关系的初步探讨
引用本文:唐峰华,伍玉梅,樊伟,沈新强,王云龙.长江口浮游植物分布情况及与径流关系的初步探讨[J].生态环境,2010,19(12):2934-2940.
作者姓名:唐峰华  伍玉梅  樊伟  沈新强  王云龙
作者单位:中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所//农业部海洋与河口渔业资源及生态重点开放实验室,上海200090
基金项目:国家科技支撑计划资助,国家863计划项目
摘    要:利用2004—2008年5月(春季)和8月(夏季)共10个季度月航次调查资料,结合同时期长江口径流量的数据,研究了长江口海域浮游植物的分布特征、及其受长江径流影响的关系。分布情况的结果显示:同一年中,夏季调查航次鉴定的浮游植物种类数明显多于春季的种类数;浮游植物数量的基本趋势逐年增加,其中2008年调查航次的浮游植物数量急剧暴发;同时生物多样性指数呈逐年下降趋势,海域水质污染程度日趋严重。对浮游植物与长江口径流量的关系分析得到:拟合长江口5、8月平均径流量与对应调查航次的浮游植物数量呈正相关的幂函数关系,径流量与浮游植物多样度呈负相关的指数函数关系,径流量与浮游植物优势种数量百分比呈正相关的幂函数关系,关系都明显显著。其中长江口径流量的输入对优势种尤其是近岸低盐性的中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)分布有着决定性的影响;长江径流把大量的N、P等无机营养物质携带入海,导致长江口水域严重富营养化,造成长江口海域的局部区域频发赤潮。

关 键 词:长江口  浮游植物  径流量  多样性指数

Preliminary discussion on phytoplankton distribution and its relation to the runoff in the Yangtze River estuary
TANG Fenghua,WU Yumei,FAN Wei,SHEN Xinqiang,WANG Yunlong.Preliminary discussion on phytoplankton distribution and its relation to the runoff in the Yangtze River estuary[J].Ecology and Environmnet,2010,19(12):2934-2940.
Authors:TANG Fenghua  WU Yumei  FAN Wei  SHEN Xinqiang  WANG Yunlong
Institution:Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries Resources and Ecology,East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China
Abstract:Phytoplankton distribution characteristics and its relation to the runoff in the Yangtze River estuary were studied using survey data in 10 voyages from 2004 to 2008 and synchronous flow data.Results revealed that the numbers of phytoplankton species was much higher in summer(August) than those in spring(May).The abundances of phytoplankton species increased continuously in study period,but biodiversity index decreased,which indicated a heavy pollution in the area,especially the phytoplankton bloom occurred during field surveys in 2008.The average monthly runoff in the Yangtze River estuary in May and August were positively related to the abundances of phytoplankton,and especially significantly positively to the percentage of the number of dominant species of phytoplankton.Meanwhile,they were negatively related to the diversity index of phytoplankton fauna.Runoff in the Yangtze River caused accumulation of the contents of N,P and other inorganic nutrients,which probably resulted in serious water eutrophication and frequent red tide.It also had crucial influences on the distribution of some dominant species;particularly those lived in low salinity coastal sea water(e.g.Skeletonema costatum).
Keywords:Yangtze River estuary  phytoplankton  runoff  diversity index
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