大气化学污染的植物净化研究进展

大气污染是人类面临的严重环境问题之一,植物除了可以监测大气的化学污染外,在近地表大气污染物的清除中起着重要作用。利用植物净化大气化学污染是一种经济、有效、非破坏型的环境污染修复方式,植物净化污染大气的思想及其技术对城市园林绿化、环境规划和生态环境建设等具有直接的指导意义和应用价值。文章简要介绍了大气化学污染植物净化的机理,综述了近年来利用植物净化大气无机污染物和有机污染物的研究成果,并展望了今后需要进一步研究的领域。植物净化化学性大气污染的主要过程是持留和去除:持留过程涉及植物截获、吸附和滞留等,去除过程包括植物吸收、降解、转化、同化和超同化等。利用生物学、化学、农学、土壤科学和环境科学等多学科交叉,筛选高效的净化植物、研究污染物在植物体内的转化机理和影响净化效果的因素、开发联合修复技术、培育转基因净化植物等是未来研究的主要方向。

Phytodecontamination of atmosphere chemical pollution: A review

The atmosphere pollution is one of the serious environment problems.Plant plays an important role in the cleanup of pollutants in atmosphere near the earth's surface.Phytodecontamination is a cost-effective,noninvasive alternative and complementary technology for engineering-based remediation methods.The idea and technology of phytodecontamination of atmosphere pollution have direct guideline and application values for city landscaping,environment planning and eco-environment construction.This paper briefly discussed the mechanisms of phytodecontamination of atmosphere chemical pollution,summarized the research achievements and applications of utilizing plants to clean atmosphere chemical pollution,and looked into the field that needed to study further in the future.The main processes of phytodecontamination atmosphere chemical pollution are hold and remove.The hold process includes capture,adsorption,retention etc,and the remove process includes plants absorbtion,degradation,transformation,assimilation,hyperassimilation etc.Based on the multidiscipline cross of biology,chemistry,agronomy,soil and environmental sciences,the main developing directions are to screen high efficient decontamination plants,investigate the decontamination mechanism of pollutants in the plants and the factors influencing decontamination effects,develop co-remediation technology and cultivate transgenic decontamination plants.