紫茎泽兰（Eupatorium adenophorum）入侵地的生物多样性

生物多样性演变是全球变化的重要组成部分,物种入侵对生物多样的影响已成为当前全球变化领域的研究热点之一。本文研究了西双版纳紫茎泽兰（Eupatorium adenophorum）入侵地的植物、土壤动物与土壤微生物的多样性,结果表明：（1）不同程度入侵区的植物种类及其重要值差别较大,在重度入侵区,紫茎泽兰的重要值高达237.74%,但随着入侵程度的降低,植物种类有所增加且紫茎泽兰的重要值随之降低;丰富度指数、多样性指数、优势度指数与均匀度指数均表现为轻度入侵区〉中度入侵区〉重度入侵区。（2）三种入侵区的土壤动物隶属23目,其中弹尾目（Collembola）、蜱螨目（Acarina）和膜翅目（Hymenoptera）为优势种群,三者总量占捕获总数的61.77%;丰富度指数、多样性指数、优势度指数、均匀度指数与密度类群指数均表现为轻度入侵区〉中度入侵区〉重度入侵区。（3）土壤微生物可培养数量类群方面,细菌表现为中度入侵区〉重度入侵区〉轻度入侵区,放线菌、真菌、自生固氮菌与氨氧化细菌均表现为重度入侵区〉中度入侵区〉轻度入侵区;多样性指数表现为重度入侵区〉轻度入侵区〉中度入侵区,优势度指数表现为轻度入侵区=中度入侵区〉重度入侵区,均匀度指数表现为重度入侵区〉轻度入侵区=中度入侵区。可见,紫茎泽兰入侵地的植物与土壤动物多样性随入侵程度加重而降低,但土壤微生物多样性却随入侵程度加重反而呈上升趋势。今后,加强室内模拟与野外定点长期观测相结合试验是探究紫茎泽兰入侵对生物多样性影响机制的研究方向。

Biodiversity of invaded area of Eupatorium adenophorum

The succession of biodiversity is an important component of global ecosystem change.The influence of alien species in-vasion on biodiversity has become one of popular issues of global change field.Biodiversity of terrestrial plant,soil animal and soil microbe in the areas invaded Eupatorium adenophorum in Xishuangbanna was investigated in the present study.The results showed that（1）there was significant difference in plant species and important value of different invading types,especially in heavily invaded areas,important value of Eupatorium adenophorum amount to 237.74.With decline of invading,the species of terrestrial plant in-creased.Richness index,diversity index,dominance index and evenness index of terrestrial plant were all in the order：newly invaded areas 〉moderately invaded areas 〉heavily invaded areas.（2）Soil animals in various invading areas belong to 25 orders,Collembola,Acarinaand and Hymenoptera were the dominant communities,which accounted for 61.77% of the total soil animal species in the various invading areas.Richness index,diversity index,dominance index,evenness index and density-group index of soil animal were also all in the order newly invaded areas〉 moderately invaded areas〉 heavily invaded areas.（3）Culture communities of soil microorganisms were in the order moderately invaded areas 〉heavily invaded areas〉 newly invaded areas,while actinomycin,fun-gus,azotobacteria,ammonia oxidizing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria were all in the order heavily invaded areas moderately invaded areas newly invaded areas.Furthermore,diversity index of soil microorganisms was in the order heavily invaded areas newly invaded areas moderately invaded areas,dominance index of soil microorganisms was in the order newly invaded areas = moderately invaded areas heavily invaded areas and Evenness index of soil microorganisms was in the order heavily invaded areas newly invaded areas = moderately invaded areas.In brief,the diversity of terrestrial plant and soil animal in invaded area decreased with Eupatorium adenophorum invading,while diversity of soil microorganisms increased with Eupatorium adenophorum invading.In future,invasive mechanisms of Eupatorium adenophorum invading on biodiversity are further research by analog experiment and field investigation.