生物多样性的海拔分布格局研究及进展

生物多样性的海拔分布格局受制于气候、空间、环境等多种因子的影响,综合大量研究发现,无论是动植物还是微生物,环境因子对其影响与驱动的作用最明显。海拔梯度是决定分布格局的重要因素之一,因此探讨生物多样性在环境因子驱动下的海拔分布格局具有重要意义。文章分别探讨了植物、土壤动物和土壤微生物多样性沿海拔梯度的变化规律,揭示了温度、湿度及人为干扰等因素下植物多样性沿海拔梯度的5种分布格局及可能机制,土壤动物多样性沿海拔梯度的3种分布格局及可能机制,同时揭示土壤微生物在海拔分布格局虽然有物种模式,但是机制不是很明确;最后对植物、土壤动物、土壤微生物生物多样性耦合关系的认识作了阐述。并在此基础上,认为生物多样性的分布格局与尺度密切相关,因此开展不同尺度的生物多样性的研究以及它们对全球气候变化的响应是未来研究的重要方向;土壤动物群落的多样性的变化规律研究,应致力于其生理型、营养型、生态型的多样性的研究;在不同的研究尺度上,驱动微生物群落构建机制的差异导致了群落演变规律的变化,仍需要以地理学和生物学等相关学科理论为支撑,并与微生物群落构建理论相结合,对海拔分布格局下生物多样性的保护和生态系统稳定性研究提供科学依据。

Recent Advances in Altitudinal Distribution Patterns of Biodiversity

The altitude distribution pattern of biodiversity is influenced by many factors,including climate,space,and environment and so on.A large number of studies have found that environmental factors play the most significant role in driving the responses of plants and microorganisms,therefore,it is of great significance to explore altitudinal distribution pattern of biodiversity driven by environmental factors.This paper reviews the changes of plant,soil animal and soil microbial biodiversity along the altitudinal gradient,and five distribution patterns and possible mechanisms of plant diversity and three distribution patterns and possible mechanisms of soil animal diversity along altitudinal gradient under temperature,humidity and human disturbance were revealed.At the same time,it was revealed that although there were species patterns in the distribution pattern of soil microorganisms at altitudinal gradient,the mechanism was not very clear on this basis,it was considered that the distribution pattern of biodiversity was closely related to the scale,so it was an important direction for future research to carry out the research on biodiversity at different scales and their response to global climate change;the research on the change law of soil animal community diversity should focus on its physiological type,nutritional type and ecological type at different research scales,the difference of driving mechanism of microbial community construction led to the change of community evolution law,which still needed to be supported by the theories of geography,biology and other related disciplines,and combined with the theory of microbial community construction,to provide scientific basis for the protection of biodiversity and the study of ecosystem stability under the pattern of sea-level distribution.