SO2和NO2胁迫对红花荷等植物光合生理影响及抗性评价

为探讨红花荷(Rhodoleia championii)等12种园林植物抗SO2和NO2污染能力,以1～2年生实生苗为材料,通过人工气候室的盆栽实验,研究不同SO2和NO2混合气体胁迫对园林植物苗木光合参数和相对叶绿素含量的影响,并利用隶属函数法及系统聚类分析法对其抗SO2和NO2污染能力进行了综合评价。结果表明,植物叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和相对叶绿素含量基本上随着SO2和NO2胁迫的加剧而逐渐降低,但水分利用效率受净光合速率和蒸腾速率变化的影响规律不明显。综合隶属函数和聚类分析可知,红花荷和红千层(Callistemon rigidus)抗污染能力强,杜鹃红山茶(Camellia azalea)和粉红羊蹄甲(Bauhinia blakeana)抗污染能力较强,红花银桦(Grevillea robusta)和无忧树(Saraca divespierre)抗污染能力中等,大叶紫薇(Lagerstroemia speciosa)、金花风铃木(Tabebuia chrysantha)和腊肠树(Cassia fistula)抗污染能力较弱,而本地火焰木(Spathodea nilotica)、复羽叶栾树(Koelreuteria bipinnata)和樱花(Prunus serrulata)抗污染能力弱。研究结果为火电厂、陶瓷厂、钢铁厂、石化厂等重度酸污染地区植物选择提供参考。

Effects of SO2 and NO2 stress on photosynthetic physiology of Rhodoleiachampionii and other plants and their resistance evaluation

In order to reveal resistance to sulfur dioxide(SO2) and nitrogen dioxide(NO2) pollution capacity of Rhodoleiachampionii other landscaping plants in Guangzhou city,1 to 2 years-old seedling of these 12 species were selected and placed in artificial climate chamber.Effects of SO2 and NO2stress on Photosynthetic parameters and relative chlorophyll content of Rhodoleiachampionii other plants were studyed under different concentrations of SO2and NO2,and resistance to SO2 and NO2 pollution was comprehensively evaluated with fuzzy subordinate function and system cluster analysis.The results that net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and relative chlorophyll content of 12 kinds of garden plants gradually decreased with SO2and NO2stress become more and more serious,variation of water use efficiency was not obvious due to the effects of net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate.Fuzzy subordinate function and system cluster analysis showed that landscaping plants might be ranked as follows by their resistance to SO2 and NO2 pollution: species that the strongest resistance to SO2 and NO2 pollution included Rhodoleiachampionii,Callistemon rigidus,species that the stronger resistance to SO2 and NO2 pollution included Camelliaazalea,Bauhinia blakeana,and these showing moderate resistance to SO2and NO2pollution included Grevillearobusta,Saraca divespierre,while these species with weak resistance to SO2 and NO2 pollution were Lagerstroemia speciosa,Tabebuiachrysantha,Cassiafistula,Spathodeanilotica,Koelreuteriabipinnata and Prunusserrulata.The results would provide a reference for plants selection of severe acid contaminated areas such as thermal power plants,ceramic plants,steel mills,petrochemical plants.