板材家具VOCs溯源分析及健康风险评价

室内家具产品释放的挥发性有机物(Volatile Organic Compounds,VOCs)对人类健康的影响越来越引起人们的关注,而专门针对室内板材家具产品释放的的VOCs进行来源及健康风险方面的研究较少。文章首次采用15 m^3环境测试舱模拟两种不同板材家具产品在实际居住环境中VOCs的释放水平,对采集的VOCs样品采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对板材家具产品及其原辅料释放的VOCs进行了高通量同步筛查研究、溯源分析和风险评估。结果表明:板材家具A释放VOCs主要以芳香烃为主,占比为77.24%,主要单体组分为邻二甲苯、对二甲苯、乙苯、环己烷和异丁醇,其中,邻二甲苯的含量最高,占比达到42.45%;板材家具B释放VOCs主要以烷烃类和芳香烃类为主,占比分别为48.46%和40.41%,正庚烷、邻二甲苯、间/对二甲苯、环己烷和异丁醇含量较高,其中,正庚烷的含量最高为40.25%。由板材家具A样品的溯源分析可知,板材家具产品释放的VOCs受面漆、底漆、稀释剂和固化剂的影响较大,尤其是稀释剂和底漆VOCs释放贡献最大。健康风险评价发现两种板材家具中释放的乙苯、四氯乙烯和三氯甲烷均存在一定的致癌风险,且乙苯的致癌风险高出EPA标准1-2个数量级;间/对二甲苯在两种板材家具中均存在非致癌风险,成年男性的致癌风险值和非致癌风险值均稍高于成年女性,儿童的致癌风险值和非致癌风险值均高于成年人和老年人,因此,从致癌和非致癌风险角度,应从源头管控板材家具生产过程原辅料尤其是稀释剂、底漆和固化剂中乙苯、邻二甲苯的含量,从而减少对人体健康的危害。

Source Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of VOCs in Panel-type Furniture

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) released by indoor furniture have attracted increasing attention due to impact on human health. However,few studies focused on the source tracking and health risk evaluating of the VOCs released by panel-type furniture. In this paper, for the first time, a 15 m^3 environmental test chamber was used to simulate the releasing of VOCs from two different kinds of panel-type furniture in an actual living room. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) was used to determine the collected VOCs samples from both the panel furniture products and their raw materials. The VOCs were subjected to high-throughput simultaneous screening, source analysis, and risk assessment. The results show that most VOCs from Panel Furniture A were aromatic hydrocarbons, accounting for 77.24%. The main monomer components were o-xylene, p-xylene, ethylbenzene, cyclohexane, and isobutanol, of which the abundancy of o-xylene was the highest(42.45% in total VOCs). The VOCs from Panel Furniture B were mainly alkane and aromatic hydrocarbons, accounting for 48.46% and 40.41%, respectively, such as n-heptane, o-xylene, m/p-xylene, cyclohexane, and isopropanol. The content of n-heptane was the highest, accounting for 40.25% in total VOCs. According to the source analysis of Panel Furniture A, the released VOCs were considerably affected by the topcoat, curing agent, primer, and thinner, especially the latter two components. The health risk assessment presents that ethylbenzene, tetrachloroethylene, and chloroform released from the furniture were at carcinogenic level, and the magnitude of ethylbenzene was 1-2 orders higher than the EPA standard;m/p-xylene has a non-carcinogenic risk. The carcinogenic risk value and non-carcinogenic risk value of adult men were both slightly higher than that of adult women, and.the values of children were higher than those of adults and theolderly. From the perspective of carcinogenic risks, the content of ethylbenzene and o-xylene should be controlled from the sources(raw and auxiliary materials of furniture), especially thinners, primers, and curing agents, to reduce the harm to human health.