改良剂施用对干旱盐碱区棉花生长及土壤性质的影响

新疆是中国盐碱土重要分布区,也是棉花等经济作物的主产区,因此探究不同盐碱改良材料对其土壤性质和棉花生长的影响可为干旱区盐碱土壤改良和提高作物产量提供理论依据。以新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州水利管理处灌溉试验站盐碱棉田为研究对象,试验设置对照处理(CK)、腐植酸(F)、黄腐酸(H)、石膏(S)和聚丙烯酰胺(P)5个处理,以微区试验的方式开展改良试验,通过对比分析不同处理棉花收获后表层0-20 cm土壤盐分、pH、有机质、土壤过氧化氢酶活性、脲酶活性和碱性磷酸酶活性及对棉花株高和产量的影响,探究干旱区最适盐碱改良材料。结果表明:F、S、H和P处理,棉花产量较CK处理分别增产24.8%、11.1%、8.5%和4.8%。各改良措施处理均降低了土壤盐分含量,以F处理降低最多,较CK处理降低26.2%;S和F处理下土壤pH值较CK降低最多,分别降低0.1和0.09个单位;H、P和F处理下土壤有机质质量分数显著高于CK处理,分别增加26.5%、23.9%和23.6%;除S处理土壤过氧化氢酶活性低于对照处理外,其他改良措施均提高了土壤过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶和脲酶活性及土壤酶活参数,其中腐植酸处理土壤酶活参数较CK处理提高77.2%。综合各改良材料对土壤性质和棉花产量的影响,腐植酸改良剂是该试验区较适宜改良剂。

Effects of Different Amendments Application on Cotton Growth and Soil Properties in Arid Areas

Xinjiang is the main distribution area of salt affected soil as well as the main production area of cotton and other cash crops in China.Therefore,exploring the effects of different saline-alkali improvement materials on soil properties and cotton growth can provide theoretical basis for improving salt affected soil and increasing crop yields in arid areas.In this study,a cotton field with salinization affected soil in the water conservancy administration in Mongol Autonomous Prefecture,Bayingolin,Xinjiang was selected as the research object.Five treatments including control treatment(CK),fulvic acid(F),humic acid(H),gypsum(S)and polyacrylamide(P)were set up to conduct soil improvement experiments by the way of micro-plot experiments.The optimal salinealkali improvement materials in the study area were explored by comparing and analyzing the effects of different improvement materials on the changes of soil salinity,pH,organic matter,soil catalase activity,urease activity and alkaline phosphatase activity at the 0-20 cm soil depth after harvesting,as well as the effects on plant height and cotton yield.The results showed that the cotton yield of F,S,H and P treatments increased by 24.8%,11.1%,8.5%and 4.8%,respectively,compared with that of CK treatment.Soil salt contents were reduced under all improvement treatments.The content of F treatment decreased by 26.2%compared with that of CK treatment,which was the most significant reduction of soil salt among all treatments.The pH value of soil under S and F treatments decreased by 0.1 and 0.09 units respectively and was most significantly compared with that of CK treatment.The soil organic matter contents under H,P and F treatments were significantly higher than that under that of CK treatment,increasing by 26.5%,23.9%and 23.6%respectively.Except that the catalase activity in the S treatment was lower than that of CK treatment,other improvement measures improved the activity of catalase,alkaline phosphatase and urease and the soil enzyme activity parameters,among which the enzyme activity parameters under humic acid treatment was increased most significantly with the value of 77.2%compared with that of CK treatment.According to the effects of different amendments on soil properties and cotton growth,the humic acid is the appropriate salt improvement material in this area.