茂名近岸海域中、小型浮游动物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系

近年来,随着茂名经济迅猛发展及涉海工程建设,其近海海域遭到日益严重的污染,海域环境日趋恶化。为更好地了解茂名近岸海域中小型浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系,摸清中小型浮游动物的种类组成及其空间分布状况,保护近岸海域生物多样性,分别于2019年夏季(6月)和秋季(9月)对茂名近海浮游动物进行调查。调查共发现浮游动物52种,以桡足类为主(达到40种,占比76.92%)。秋季浮游动物平均丰度和平均生物量(分别为29.82 ind·m^-3和282.08 mg·m^-3)均高于夏季(分别为15.71×10³ ind·m^-3和110.23 mg·m^-3)。短角长腹剑水蚤(Oithona brevicornis)、小长腹剑水蚤(Oithona nana)、强额拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus crassirostris)和小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)为茂名近岸海域春、夏季优势种。夏季和秋季浮游植物物种多样性指数平均值分别为3.06和2.69,丰富度指数平均值分别为3.65和3.38,均匀度指数平均值分别为0.71和0.66。运用BIO-ENV方法分析了浮游动物群落结构以及与浮游植物丰度、环境因子之间的关系,结果表明浮游植物丰度、溶解氧、盐度、水温、水深是影响夏季浮游动物群落的主要环境因子,水深、浮游植物丰度是影响秋季浮游动物群落的主要环境因子。

Characteristics of Meso-zooplankton Community and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in Sea Water near Maoming

In recent years,with the rapid economic development of Maoming and the construction of sea-related projects,the coastal waters of Maoming have been increasingly polluted,and the marine environment worsened.To better understand the community structure of meso-zooplankton in the coastal waters of Maoming and its relationship with environmental factors,find out the species composition and spatial distribution of meso-zooplankton,and protect the biodiversity of coastal waters,surveys of zooplankton in the coastal waters of Maoming were conducted twice in summer(June)and autumn(September)2019,respectively.A total of 52 species were identified.The most diverse group was the copepods(40 species),which accounted for 76.92%of the total recorded species.Copepods were dominant in the species composition and abundance.Oithona brevicornis,Oithona nana,Paracalanus crassirostris and Paracalanus parvus were dominant in both seasons.The abundance and biomass of zooplankton were greater in autumn(29.82 ind·m^-3 and 282.08 mg·m^-3,respectively)than in summer(15.71×10³ ind·m^-3 and 110.23 mg·m^-3,respectively).The average Shannon-Wiener diversity index values of the phytoplankton community were 3.06 and 2.69 respectively in the two seasons;the average Margalef diversity index values were 3.65 and 3.38;and the average Pielou’s evenness index values were 0.71 and 0.66.The relationships between abiotic and biotic variables were examined using multivariate BIO-ENV.The results showed that phytoplankton abundance,dissolved oxygen,salinity,water temperature,and water depth were the main environmental factors that affected the zooplankton community in summer,while water depth and phytoplankton abundance were the main environmental factors that affected the zooplankton community in autumn.