添加植物物料对2种酸性土壤可溶性铝的影响

在室内培养试验条件下,研究了添加非豆科的油菜秸秆、小麦秸秆、稻草、玉米秸秆和豆科的大豆秸秆、花生秸秆、蚕豆秸秆、紫云英、豌豆秸秆对酸性茶园黄棕壤和红壤可溶性铝总量及其形态的影响.结果表明,黄棕壤除添加油菜秸秆、小麦秸秆和稻草处理外,其余添加植物物料处理土壤可溶性铝总量、总单核铝和3种无机单核铝的含量有不同程度的降低,因为加入这些植物物料均使土壤pH值增大.5种豆科植物物料对黄棕壤pH值的影响大于非豆科植物物料,前者对土壤中3种无机单核铝含量的影响也大于后者.9种植物物料也使红壤pH值有不同程度升高,土壤可溶性铝含量降低,其中4种非豆科植物物料、花生秸秆和蚕豆秸秆处理效果较好.因此,施用植物秸秆能够有效改良土壤酸度,缓解土壤中铝对植物的毒害.总体而言,9种植物物料中花生秸秆增加酸性土壤pH值和降低土壤有毒形态铝含量效果最好.

Effect of Incorporation of Plant Materials on Soluble Al in Two Types of Acid Soils

A laboratory experiment was conducted to explore changes in total amount of soluble Al and form of soluble Al in two types of acid soils,tea garden yellow brown soil and tea garden red soil,incorporated with various plant materials:canola straw,wheat straw,rice straw,corn straw,soybean straw,peanut straw,faba bean straw,Chinese milk vetch shoot and pea straw.Except for the treatments of yellow brown soil incorporated with canola straw,wheat straw and rice straw,all the treatments decreased in total soluble Al,total monomeric Al and three inorganic monomeric Al′s,i.e.Al3+,Al-OH and Al-F complexes in two soils to a varying extent as was compared with that in control,because these plant materials increased soil pH.In the yellow brown soil the effect of the legume plant materials on soil pH was higher than that of the non-legume plant materials,thus reducing the amount of Al3+,Al-OH and Al-F complexes to a greater extent.All of the nine plant materials increased pH of red soil and decreased soil soluble Al to a varying extent,which followed the order of peanut straw > canola straw > faba bean straw > rice straw > corn straw > wheat straw > Chinese milk vetch shoot > soybean straw and pea straw.Therefore,the incorporation of plant materials can ameliorate soil acidity and reduce toxicity of soluble Al to plants in the soils.Peanut straw is the best choice for increasing soil pH and decreasing toxic aluminum in acid soils.