免耕稻-鸭复合系统减少甲烷排放及其机理研究

以免耕不养鸭和翻耕不养鸭稻田为参照,研究了免耕稻-鸭复合系统中甲烷排放的日变化和季节变化以及稻-鸭复合系统中土壤氧化还原特性对甲烷排放的影响。结果表明:稻田甲烷排放通量日变化与日气温变化基本趋于一致。在水稻分蘖盛期和孕穗期,免耕养鸭稻田甲烷排放通量明显低于免耕不养鸭和翻耕不养鸭稻田, 3者之间甲烷排放通量大小差异白天明显,夜间较小。在水稻分蘖盛期、孕穗期和齐穗期,免耕养鸭稻田水中溶解氧含量比免耕不养鸭和翻耕不养鸭稻田提高38. 4% ~44. 7%。由于鸭子的活动,免耕养鸭稻田的氧化还原电位分别比免耕不养鸭和翻耕不养鸭稻田高11和18mV。而翻耕不养鸭稻田的还原物质总量分别是免耕养鸭稻田和免耕不养鸭稻田的4. 17~12. 34倍和3. 26~7. 02倍,其亚铁离子含量也明显高于后2者,表明翻耕使土壤还原程度增强,进而促进了稻田甲烷的排放。相关分析表明,免耕养鸭稻田氧化还原电位与还原物质总量、活性还原物质总量和亚铁离子含量呈极显著负相关,也与稻田甲烷排放通量呈负相关,但未达显著水平。

Decrease in CH4 emission and its mechanism in no-tillage rice-duck complex system

Based on mutualistic symbiosis of rice and duck,plus the technique of no-tillage,a new no-tillage rice-duck complex system was formed.In order to provide a scientific and theoretic foundation for ecological assessment,experiments were carried out to determine effects of the new system on CH_4 emission and its mechanism.Results show that the no-tillage rice-duck complex system combined the benefits of no-tillage and raising ducks in rice field.It decreased CH_4 emission greatly as a result of increased dissolved oxygen by duck activities and changes in soil physical properties and redox conditions related to adoption of no-tillage,which helped CH_4 oxidation.