Spatial distribution of copper in relation to recreational boating in a California shallow-water basin |
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Authors: | Carlos Neira Francisco Delgadillo-Hinojosa Alberto Zirino Guillermo Mendoza Lisa A Levin Magali Porrachia |
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Institution: | 1. Integrative Oceanography Division , Scripps Institution of Oceanography , La Jolla, California, USA cneira@coast.ucsd.edu;3. Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanólogicas , Universidad Autónoma de Baja California , Ensenada, México;4. Department of Marine and Environmental Science , University of San Diego , San Diego, California, USA;5. Marine Biology Research Division , Scripps Institution of Oceanography , La Jolla, California, USA;6. Integrative Oceanography Division , Scripps Institution of Oceanography , La Jolla, California, USA;7. Marine Biology Research Division , Scripps Institution of Oceanography , La Jolla, California, USA |
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Abstract: | The overall effect of the number of boats on the copper (Cu) levels in the water column and sediment, along with their spatial variability within Shelter Island Yacht Basin (SIYB), San Diego Bay, California was examined. We identified a horizontal gradient of increasing dissolved Cu and Cu in sediment from outside to the head of SIYB which was coincident with the increasing number of boats. Spatial models of Cu distribution in water and sediment indicated the presence of ‘hotspots’ of Cu concentration. From outside to the head of SIYB, dissolved Cu ranged from 1.3 μ g L?1 to 14.6 μ g L?1 in surface water, and 2.0 μ g L?1 to 10.2 μ g L?1 in bottom water. Cu in sediment exceeded the Effect Range Low of 34 mg kg?1 (i.e. where adverse effects to fauna may occur), with a peak concentration of 442 mg kg?1 at the head of the basin. Free Cu++ in surface water was several orders of magnitude higher than in sediment porewater. High-resolution data of Cu species together with probability maps presented in this paper will allow managers to easily visualise and localise areas of impaired quality and to prioritise which areas should be targeted to improve Cu-related conditions. |
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Keywords: | copper hotspots recreational boats water column sediments copper complexation capacity Shelter Island Yacht Basin San Diego Bay |
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