土壤酶研究动态与展望

1　土壤酶的研究简史土壤酶主要来源于土壤微生物和植物根系的分泌物及动植物残体分解释放的酶 ,包括氧化还原酶类、水解酶类、裂合酶类和转移酶类 .自 1898年Ｗｏｏｄｓ首次从土壤中检测出过氧化氢酶活性以来 ,土壤酶研究经历了一个较长的奠定和发展时期 .2 0世纪 5 0年代以前为土壤酶学的奠定时期 ,许多土壤学者从各种土壤中共检测出了 4 0余种土壤酶的活性 ,并发展了土壤酶活性的研究方法和理论 ,土壤酶研究逐渐发展成一门介于土壤生物学和生物化学之间的一门新兴边缘交叉学科1～ 2 ] .50年代至 80年代中期为土壤酶学迅速发展的时期 ,这…

ADVANCES ON SOIL ENZYMOLOGY

Soil enzyme system plays an active role in the soil biochemical process and is closely related with the circulation of materials such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur, etc., and energy flow in the ecosystem. Thus it is important research field in the ecology, forestry, agronomy and environmental sciences. Soil enzymology experiences a longer establishing and developing process. Presently, soil enzymology mainly pays attention to investigating soil enzyme activity in ecosystem process, measuring soil enzyme activity used as the integrative bioinicators of soil quality and pollution parameter, elucidating the linkages between soil biology and soil enzyme activity, and explaining the relationships between soil ecological conditions and soil enzyme activity. Due to integrating with landscape ecology, ecosystem ecology, soil zoology, soil microbiology and molecular biology, soil enzymology is being in progress on molecular and landscape levels. Moreover, it plays an important role in improving soil quality and exploring mechanism on ecosystem restoration and rehabilitation owing to combination with agricultural practices and environmental protection. Due to function and ecological significance of soil enzyme, discussions including soil enzyme system differentiation mechanism in ecosystem process, linkages between soil enzyme diversity and functional diversity, combination with the solutions to increasingly urgent ecological environmental problems and innovation on research techniques, and integration and intercross of soil enzymology with other disciplines, etc., will be the most important trends and aspects of soil enzymology in twenty first century. It is suggested that interactive effects between soil enzymes and key ecosystem process be studied from the aspects of soil enzyme system differentiation and ecosystem process. Ref 88