微生物法在油气勘探中的应用研究

石油天然气的微生物勘探法是通过测定土壤中以微渗漏轻烃为食物来源的微生物菌落来圈定烃类渗漏的范围.本文探讨了甲烷氧化菌、厌氧纤维素分解菌和硫酸盐还原菌在油气勘探中的意义,并将其作为指示微生物,以川西孝泉地区已知天然气田为例,对微生物油气勘查技术的试验效果进行研究.结果发现,在气田上方指示微生物存在明显异常现象,即在气田上方甲烷氧化菌、厌氧纤维素分解菌数量较少,硫酸菌还原菌较高;气田外缘甲烷氧化菌、厌氧纤维素分解菌数量较高,而硫酸菌还原菌较低.研究表明,微生物地表油气勘探技术用于油气预测是有效的.图2参12

Application of Microbial Technique in Prospection for Oil and Gas

The microbial prospection for oil and gas (MPOG) technique is based on the principle that light hydrocarbons from oil and gas fields escape to the surface of earth. This increased hydrocarbons supply above the fields create the conditions for the development of highly specialized bacterial populations that feed on these hydrocarbons. This paper presents the relationship between the MPOG and the three indicators, methane-oxidizing bacteria, anaerobic cellulose-decomposing bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The results from the application of the MPOG in Sichuan showed that the microbes were significantly abnormal above the gas field, that is, the methane-oxidizing bacteria and anaerobic cellulose-decomposing bacteria were found in small quantity, and SRB in high quantity. However, the methane-oxidizing bacteria and anaerobic cellulose-decomposing bacteria were found high in quantity, and SRB low in quantity at the outer edge of the gas field. The study indicates that the MPOG is effective for prospection of oil and gas. Fig 2, Ref 12