鞘氨醇单胞菌研究进展

鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)是1990年才重新划分的一个新属,由于其特有的生态分布与代谢特征,已引起了环境微生物学者的重视.本文综述了鞘氨醇单胞菌的细胞结构与功能,以及生态分布与代谢特征方面的研究进展.鞘氨醇单胞菌具有特殊的细胞结构,最显著的是细胞膜用鞘脂糖代替了脂多糖,这使其与传统意义上的革兰氏阴性菌具有显著区别.鞘氨醇单胞菌耐受贫营养的代谢机制使其在自然界中有着极强的生命力和广泛的分布,某些菌株具有细胞膜上的高分子通道与大质粒,能够降解高分子有机污染物〔尤其是多环芳烃(PAHs)〕.这些特性使得鞘氨醇单胞菌在环境污染治理与生物技术领域具有广阔的应用前景.图2表1参65

Progress in Research of Sphingomonas

The genus Sphingomonas was established by Yabuuchi et al. in 1990, and since then it has been the focus of microbiology researchers because of its special ecological distribution and metabolism. This paper provides a review on the cytoarchitecture, relational functions, ecological distribution and metabolism of Sphingomona. The genus is characterized by an outer membrane that contains glycosphingolipids instead of lipopolysaccharide, which makes it different from the traditional Gram-negative aerobic bacteria. The distribution of Sphingomonas has not been systematically studied, but it is known that it widely occurs because of its metabolic mechanism able to endure poor nutrients. Some of its species have a macromolecule transport/depolymerization system and degradative plasmids, which enable them to degrade refractory compounds, particularly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Sphingomona has been extensively applied for disposition of environmental pollution and in the field of biotechnology. Fig 2, Tab 1, Ref 65