施硒肥方式对强筋小麦产量、硒累积分配及籽粒营养品质的影响

采用二因素裂区设计,设置8个处理,研究有机富硒肥施硒量与施硒方式对强筋小麦生长、产量、硒在小麦不同器官中富集状况以及籽粒营养品质的影响.结果显示:与不施有机富硒肥比较,播种前土施有机富硒肥使强筋小麦总生物量、籽粒产量、各器官(根、茎+叶、颖壳+穗轴、籽粒)干物质量分别提高1.0%-14.7%、2.4%-42.4%、1.9%-21.9%、1.5%%-10.6%、1.8%-19.5%和1.3%-18.2%,且在同一土施处理下,叶面喷施硒肥对小麦总生物量、籽粒产量和各器官干物质量无显著影响.不论采用土施、叶面喷施或土施+叶面喷施,小麦地上部硒含量占植株总硒含量的比例最大,而对于根部硒含量占植株总硒含量的比例则表现为土施>土施+叶面喷硒>喷施.此外,施有机富硒肥明显改善了强筋小麦籽粒蛋白质、总淀粉、直链淀粉、支链淀粉、可溶性糖和蔗糖等营养品质含量(P <0.05),提高幅度分别为0.2%-0.4%、2.9%-10.1%、1.6%-5.1%、1.3%-5.0%、2.1%-7.0%和1.2%-3.5%,且硒肥用量相同的条件下,营养品质含量均表现为土施+叶面喷硒处理高于单一土施硒肥处理,以S30+F(土壤基施30 g/hm²+叶面喷施15 g/hm²)处理达到最高值.因此,综合考虑产量、籽粒硒积累量以及品质等因素,实际生产中建议选用施肥量45 g/hm²(土壤基施30 g/hm²+叶面喷施15g/hm²)较为合适;土施+叶面喷施有机富硒肥可促进强筋小麦生长,提高籽粒产量、硒积累量以及营养品质;结果可为有机富硒肥调控下小麦富硒栽培提供理论参考.(图2表6参46)

Methods of selenium application differentially modulate yield,selenium accumulation,and nutrient quality in strong gluten wheat

A two-factor splitting zone design with eight experimental treatments was used to reveal the effects of growth situation, yield, Se absorption and transportation, and nutrient quality of strong gluten wheat in different fertilization modes. The results showed that the application of organic Se-enriched fertilizer increased the biomass, grain yield, and dry matter of all organs(root, stalk+leaf, glume+spike axis, grain) of strong-gluten wheat were increased by 1.0%-14.7%, 2.4%-42.4%, 1.9%-21.9%, 1.5%-10.6%, 1.8%-19.5%, and 1.3%-18.2%, respectively, compared with no application of organic Se-enriched fertilizer. Under the same soil application treatment, foliar application of Se had no significant effect on wheat total biomass, grain yield, and dry matter weight of organs. No matter if the treatment was soil application(S), foliar application(F), or soil application + foliar application(S + F), the Se concentration in the ground part accounted for the largest proportion of total Se concentration, while the proportion of root Se concentration to total plant Se concentration was S > S + F > F. In addition, the application of organic Se-enriched fertilizer significantly improved the nutritional quality of strong gluten wheat, such as protein, total starch, amylose, amylopectin, soluble sugar, and sucrose(P < 0.05). The increases were 0.2%-0.4%, 2.9%-10.1%, 1.6%-5.1%, 1.3%-5.0%, 2.1%-7.0%, and 1.2%-3.5%. Under the same amount of Se fertilizer, the nutrient quality content of S + F was higher than that of single soil application, and the highest value was achieved in the treatment of S30 + F(soil basic application 30 g/hm² + foliar application 15 g/hm²). Therefore, considering factors such as yield, grain Se accumulation, and quality, it is suggested that 45 g/hm² of fertilizer(soil basic application 30 g/hm² + foliar application 15 g/hm²) was more suitable for actual production. In summary, S + F of organic Se-enriched fertilizer not only promoted growth, but also increased grain yield, Se accumulation, and nutritional quality in strong gluten wheat. The results provided a theoretical reference for wheat Se-enriched cultivation under the regulation of organic fertilizer containing Se.