除草剂对优质小麦品质和旗叶保护酶的调控效应

通过田间试验研究了4种除草剂在正常剂量下对2个优质小麦品种品质性状、蛋白质组分和旗叶保护酶系的影响.结果表明,整个籽粒灌浆过程中,2,4-D丁酯处理使籽粒蛋白质含量一直较高,世玛处理在灌浆前中期籽粒蛋白质含量较高,但灌浆末期籽粒蛋白质含量最低,巨星和骠马处理影响较小.2,4-D丁酯处理使收获时籽粒蛋白质含量及组分最高,湿面筋含量、沉降值、吸水率、稳定时间和评价值等加工品质最好,世玛处理则使营养品质和加工品质最差,巨星和骠马处理影响相对较小.籽粒灌浆期间,2,4-D丁酯处理使旗叶SOD、CAT和POD活性一直较低,尤其是籽粒灌浆末期活性最低;其它除草剂使旗叶SOD、CAT和POD活性在不同灌浆时期存在差异:灌浆前中期,骠马处理使3种保护酶活性最高;灌浆后期,世玛处理使旗叶中保护酶活性下降缓慢,且活性最高.籽粒灌浆期前期,4种除草剂对旗叶中MDA含量的影响是:世玛＞骠马＞CK＞巨星＞2,4-D丁酯,灌浆中后期,2,4-D丁酯和巨星处理使MDA含量快速提高,世玛和骠马处理使MDA含量升高相对较慢,到灌浆末期,2,4-D丁酯使MDA含量最高,世玛处理最低.图5表2参22

Effect of Herbicides on Quality and Activity of Protect Enzymes in Flag Leaves of High Quality Wheat

Effects of four herbicides under feasible dosage on quality, protein components and activity of protect enzymes in flag leaves of high quality wheats, Linyou 145 and Linfen 138, were studied in field experiment. The results showed that protein content under 2,4-D butyl treatment was continuously the highest during filling period. The protein content under Sigma treatment was higher in early and middle filling periods, and was the lowest in late filling period. Tribenuron-methyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl had little effect on protein content during filling period. Protein content in terminal filling period was nearly the same as that after harvest. Using 2,4-D butyl, protein content, protein components, wet gluten, sedimentation value, water absorption, stability time and valorimeter value were the best. Using Sigma, nutritional quality and processing quality were all lower than the others. Tribenuron-methyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl had little effect on quality of high quality wheat. Using 2,4-D butyl, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxydase (POD) of flag leaves were continuously lower than other herbicide treatments during filling period, and were the lowest in late filling period. The effects of other herbicides on the activities of SOD, CAT and POD in flag leaves were different in different filling periods. Using fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, the activity of protect enzymes in flag leaves was the highest during early and middle filling periods. Using Sigma, the activity of protect enzymes in flag leaves was the highest, and decreased slowly in late filling period. The effects of four herbicides on malondialdehyde (MDA) content in flag leaves were, Sigma> fenoxaprop-P-ethyl>CK> tribenuron-methyl >2,4-D butyl during early filling period. MDA content in flag leaves increased quickly under 2,4-D butyl treatment and increased slowly under Sigma and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl treatments in middle and late filling periods. In terminal filling period, MDA content was the highest and the lowest under 2,4-D butyl and Sigma treatments, respectively. Fig 5, Tab 2, Ref 22