云南会泽废弃铅锌矿区植物丛枝菌根和深色有隔内生真菌研究

用碱解离、酸性品红染色法对云南省会泽县者海镇废弃铅锌矿区的17科21种植物的丛枝菌根状况进行了调查,结果发现,15种植物形成典型的丛枝菌根,占所调查植物的71%;2种植物不确定是否形成丛枝菌根,占所调查植物的10%;4种植物没有形成丛枝菌根,占所调查植物的19%.用湿筛沉淀法从这些植物根际土壤中共分离鉴定出了4属20种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF),即无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)4种,球囊霉属(Glomus)14种,巨孢囊霉属(Gigaspo-ra)1种,盾巨孢囊霉属(Scutellospora)1种;其中,球囊霉属分离频率为77%,是样地的优势属.在AMF中,疣突球囊霉(G.verruculosum)分离频率最高,在20种植物的根际土中都有发现;此外,聚生球囊霉(G.fasciculatum)的相对多度最大,为56%,具有最强的产孢能力.同时,在13种植物的根中发现了深色有隔内生真菌(DSE),占调查植物的62%,其中,10种植物同时被DSE和AMF感染.本调查研究表明,AMF和DSE能普遍存在于Pb、Zn重金属污染土壤中.

Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Dark Septate Endophytes in an Abandoned Lead-Zinc Mine in Huize, Yunnan, China

The status of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) and dark septate endophytes (DSE) in 21 plants of 17 families in an abandoned Pb-Zn mine was investigated by alkaline lysising and acid fuchsin staining methods in Huize, Yunnan, China. The results showed that 71% of all the surveyed plants were typically colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), 2 plants (about 10%) could not be determined whether they were colonized by AMF, and 4 plants (about 19%) did not form AM. 20 AMF species in 4 genera were isolated from the rhizosphere soils of these plants by wet-sieving, 4 species from Acaulospora, 14 from Glomus and 1 from Gigaspora and 1 from Scutellospora. Glomus was the dominant genus accounting for 77% and G. verruculosum was the most common species found in the rhizosphere soils of 20 plants. G. fasciculatum had the highest ability to produce spores, and its relative abundance was 56%. 13 species of plants (about 62%) were found colonized by DSE and 10 species were simultaneously colonized by AMF and DSE. These results indicate that AMF and DSE commonly occur in Pb and Zn contaminated soils.