氯丹和灭蚁灵污染场地土壤对陆生生物的毒性效应

为向污染土壤的监测、生态毒理诊断及修复提供方法和数据,以氯丹、灭蚁灵污染场地土壤为供试土壤,测定了氯丹、灭蚁灵复合污染对蚯蚓的急性毒性效应以及对小麦、小白菜、玉米和水稻4种植物种子发芽率和根伸长抑制率的影响.结果表明,蚯蚓对本场地污染响应十分敏感,处理d 3高浓度组开始出现死亡,此后死亡率随污染物浓度增大而上升,d 14部分高浓度组死亡率达到100%;同一浓度下,氯丹和灭蚁灵对4种植物种子根伸长抑制率均显著大于对种子发芽的抑制率,植物的根生长比种子发芽对有机污染物的毒性更为敏感.4种植物种子对污染场地土壤的敏感性为小麦>小白菜>水稻>玉米.氯丹和灭蚁灵对蚯蚓的毒性要大于对这几种植物的毒性,蚯蚓对氯丹和灭蚁灵的响应更加敏感.因此,蚯蚓作为指示生物,其急性毒性试验可作为氯丹和灭蚁灵污染场地的诊断指标,诊断周期以14 d为宜.

Toxic Effects of Chlordane and Mirex-contaminated Soil on Terrestrial Organisms

In order to provide method and data for monitoring,eco-toxicological diagnosis and remediation of contaminated soil,the acute toxicological effects on earthworms,as well as seed germination rates and root elongation rates of four selected plants(wheat,cabbage,corn and rice) were studied using chlordane and mirex-contaminated soil.The results showed that the response of earthworm to the contaminated sites was very sensitive and the mortality increased with chlordane and mirex concentration increasing.The earthworm death appeared at the third day and the mortality of some high concentration treatment groups reached 100% at the 14th day.Under the same concentrations of chlordane and mirex in the soil,root elongation rates were significantly inhibited and more sensitive than seed germination rates of the four species.The order of seed germination sensitivity was wheat > Chinese cabbage > rice > corn.As pesticides,chlordane and mirex toxicity to soil animal(earthworms) was greater than the toxicity to plants.The results suggested that the acute toxicity on earthworms could be used to indicate the contamination level of the industrial sites polluted by chlordane and mirex.The recommended test period was 14 days.