Lead,cadmium, copper,zinc, iron,and calcium in human hair as a function of gender,age, smoking,and hair dyeing |
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| Authors: | Adnan Massadeh Abdul-Wahab El-Rjoob Hala Smadi |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Jordan University of Science and Technology , PO Box 3030, Irbid 22110 , Jordan massadeh@just.edu.jo;3. Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Jordan University of Science and Technology , PO Box 3030, Irbid 22110 , Jordan |
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| Abstract: | Hair samples were collected randomly from 110 subjects (55 male and 55 female) ranging in age from (<15–60) years. Each subject was asked to complete a personal questionnaire describing his/her sex, age, general health, smoking, use of hair dyes, occupational area, and living habits. Concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Ca in human hair samples were evaluated using atomic absorption spectrometry. Results indicated that concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn in the hair of smokers were higher than those in the hair of non-smokers, whereas, Fe and Ca concentrations in hair of smokers were lower than those in hair of non-smokers. Moreover, the concentrations of these elements are higher in dyed hair compared with undyed hair. |
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| Keywords: | hair metals gender age smoking dyes |
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