Regression models to estimate total concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers: data from NHANES 2003–2004

The objective of this study was to develop regression models to estimate the total concentration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in serum based on the known concentrations of a limited number of congeners. Because of the possible adverse health effects associated with the exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers, it is of interest to know their total concentrations. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2003–2004 (N = 1859) were used to develop regression models to estimate both wet weight and lipid-adjusted total concentrations. Only the knowledge of three congeners, namely, 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether, 2,2′,4,4′,5-pentadibromodiphenyl ether, and 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexabromodiphenyl ether was required to use these models. Other than the concentrations of these three congeners, age, gender, and smoking status were the only information needed to use these models. Optionally, models were developed that could also use the race/ethnicity of the participants. All models explained more than 98% of the known variability in the observed total concentration levels. Over 98% of the model generated, predicted values were found to be within 5% of the observed values.