Defensive chemistry of lycid beetles and of mimetic cerambycid beetles that feed on them |
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Authors: | Thomas Eisner Frank C Schroeder Noel Snyder Jacqualine B Grant Daniel J Aneshansley David Utterback Jerrold Meinwald Maria Eisner |
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Institution: | Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA. |
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Abstract: | Summary. Beetles of the family Lycidae have long been known to be chemically protected. We present evidence that North American species
of the lycid genera Calopteron and Lycus are rejected by thrushes, wolf spiders, and orb-weaving spiders, and that they contain a systemic compound that could account,
at least in part, for this unacceptability. This compound, a novel acetylenic acid that we named lycidic acid, proved actively
deterrent in feeding tests with wolf spiders and coccinellid beetles. Species of Lycuscommonly figure as models of mimetic associations. Among their mimics are species of the cerambycid beetle genus Elytroleptus, remarkable because they prey upon the model lycids. We postulated that by doing so Elytroleptus might incorporate the lycidic acid from their prey for their own defense. However, judging from analytical data, the beetles
practice no such sequestration, explaining why they remain relatively palatable (in tests with wolf spiders) even after having
fed on lycids. Chemical analyses also showed the lycids to contain pyrazines, such as were already known from other Lycidae,
potent odorants that could serve in an aposematic capacity to forestall predatory attacks.
David Utterback: Deceased |
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Keywords: | " target="_blank"> Acetylenic acid lycidic acid antifeedant predation mimicry Coleoptera Lycidae Cerambycidae |
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