Modelling the effects of land-use modifications to control nutrient loads from an agricultural catchment in Western Australia |
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| Institution: | 1. Centre for Water Research, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;2. Western Australian Department of Environment, Hyatt Building, 3 Plain Street, East Perth, WA 6004, Australia;3. CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag No. 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia;1. School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3AH, UK;2. Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology, Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany;3. Faculty of Geosciences (FB5), University of Bremen, PO Box 330440, 28334 Bremen, Germany;4. Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, CoNISMa, Via Archirafi 18, 90123 Palermo, Italy;5. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;1. School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, WA 6150, Australia;2. Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand;1. College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China;2. Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Qld, 4001, Australia;3. Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, Shenzhen, 518060, China;4. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka;5. Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Centre for Urban Water Cycle and Water Environment Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, China;1. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Geosciences (AGW), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany;2. Teagasc, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland;3. Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland;4. Teagasc, Kinsealy Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland;1. Department of Water, Government of Western Australia, PO Box K822, Perth, Western Australia 6842, Australia;2. Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark;1. Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University Berne, Hallerstrasse 10, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland;2. Agroscope, Institute for Sustainability Sciences ISS, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland;3. Federal Office of Agriculture (FOAG), Mattenhofstrasse 5, CH-3003 Berne, Switzerland;4. Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), Papiermühlestrasse 172, CH-3003 Berne, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | The estuary of the Swan and Canning Rivers in Western Australia is becoming increasingly prone to algal blooms, fish deaths and other biochemical problems that are thought to be associated with increasing eutrophication. Phosphorus and nitrogen enrichment are seen as the two most common causes of such eutrophication, with both elements being transported in streamflow and with concentrations strongly dependent upon land-use in the catchment. Many of the efforts to prevent and control eutrophication in the estuary are focused on managing land-use within the catchment. In this paper, the large-scale catchment model (LASCAM) is applied to Ellen Brook, a rural catchment located within the Swan River catchment, to simulate catchment exports of phosphorus and nitrogen, under a range of land cover scenarios that are designed to control the eutrophication. The scenarios, which are related to different management options for the catchment, are: (i) reforestation of agricultural land; (ii) reduction in fertiliser application; and (iii) urbanisation following a highway development. The model results show that: (i) full reforestation of agricultural land is expected to reduce phosphorus and nitrogen export by 50 and 85%, respectively; (ii) a proportionally greater reduction of phosphorus and nitrogen export occurs for smaller areas of reforestation than for larger areas; (iii) reduction in phosphorus fertiliser application produces a linear response with respect to phosphorus export; (iv) urbanisation increases runoff due to the larger impermeable areas causing an increase of overland flow during storms; and (v) phosphorus and nitrogen loads are expected to increase about 4 and 12%, respectively, during the 10 years following urbanisation. |
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