Chemical composition and effects of water extracts of petroleum on eggs of the sand dollar Melitta quinquiesperforata |
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| Authors: | J A C Nicol W H Donahue R T Wang K Winters |
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| Institution: | (1) Marine Science Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas, USA;(2) Present address: 203 East 10th Street, 78701 Austin, Texas, USA |
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| Abstract: | Sperm and eggs of sand dollars, Melitta quinquiesperforata (Leske), were subjected to two petroleum oils, and effects determined. The oils chosen were Kuwait crude and No. 2 fuel oil, supplied by the American Petroleum Institute. Water-soluble extracts (WSF) from oil-sea water mixes were prepared and the major aromatic components in the WSF of the fuel oil were identified. WSF of No. 2 fuel oil depressed respiration, mobility of sperm, interfered with fertilization and cleavage, and retarded larval development. The effects were detectable at dilutions of 4% and less (about 0.6 ppm of WSF). Kuwait crude was much less toxic. There was no effect on water permeability of the egg membrane. Results are compared with similar studies on other marine organisms. |
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