Evidence of nitrification and denitrification in high and low microbial abundance sponges |
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Authors: | Marie-Lise Schläppy Sandra I Schöttner Gaute Lavik Marcel M M Kuypers Dirk de Beer Friederike Hoffmann |
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Institution: | 1. Max-Planck-Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany 2. Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, Thorm?hlensgate 55, 5008, Bergen, Norway
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Abstract: | Aerobic and anaerobic microbial key processes were quantified and compared to microbial numbers and morphological structure
in Mediterranean sponges. Direct counts on histological sections stained with DAPI showed that sponges with high microbial
abundances (HMA sponges) have a denser morphological structure with a reduced aquiferous system compared to low microbial
abundance (LMA) sponges. In Dysidea avara, the LMA sponge, rates of nitrification and denitrification were higher than in the HMA sponge Chondrosia reniformis, while anaerobic ammonium oxidation and sulfate reduction were below detection in both species. This study shows that LMA
sponges may host physiologically similar microbes with comparable or even higher metabolic rates than HMA sponges, and that
anaerobic processes such as denitrification can be found both in HMA and LMA sponges. A higher concentration of microorganisms
in the mesohyl of HMA compared to LMA sponges may indicate a stronger retention of and, hence, a possible benefit from associated
microbes. |
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