Functional morphology and phylogeny of the rock-boring bivalves <Emphasis Type="Italic">Leiosolenus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lithophaga</Emphasis> (Bivalvia: Mytilidae): a third functional clade |
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Authors: | Masato Owada |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biological Sciences, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan |
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Abstract: | The functional morphology of the shell of rock-boring mytilids (especially Leiosolenus and Lithophaga) is analyzed and compared with that of several epifaunal and semi-infaunal mytilids. Semi-infaunal species are generally
intermediate between epifaunal and rock-boring ones both in terms of shell form and the magnitude of forces pulling the shells
against the substratum. A molecular phylogenetic analyses using 18s rDNA sequence data strongly suggests that Leiosolenus and Lithophaga are monophyletic genera but that the so-called Lithophaginae (or Leiosolenus plus Lithophaga) is a paraphyletic group. The common cylindrical shell form of rock-boring species, which is here called “lithophagiform”
as a third functional mytilid clade, may be due to convergence, as is the case with ‘mytiliform’ and ‘modioliform’. |
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