The effect of cadmium on antioxidant responses and the susceptibility to oxidative stress in the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus |
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Authors: | Rui Company Angela Serafim Richard Cosson Lionel Camus Bruce Shillito Aline Fiala-Médioni Maria João Bebianno |
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Institution: | 1. CIMA, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000, Faro, Portugal 2. ISOMer—UPRES-EA 2663, Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Nantes, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes, France 3. The University Centre on Svalbard, PB 156, 9170, Longyearbyen, Norway 4. Akvamilj? as, Mekjarvik 12, 4070, Randaberg, Norway 5. Equipe Adaptations et Evolution en Milieux Extremes, UPMC-CNRS UMR 7138, 7 Quai St-Bernard, 75005, Paris, France 6. Observatoire Océanologique, Université P.M. Curie, BP 44, 66651, Banyuls sur Mer, France
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Abstract: | Hydrothermal vents are a unique environment of extreme physical–chemical characteristics and biological species composition.
Cd is a toxic non-essential metal present in high concentrations in the hydrothermal vent environment, contrary to those found
in marine coastal areas. Cd toxicity has been related, among other things, with reactive oxygen species production, even though
this is a non-redox metal. Bathymodiolus azoricus is a deep-sea Mytilid bivalve very common in the Mid Atlantic Ridge (MAR) hydrothermal vent fields and very little is known
about the antioxidant defence system in this specie. Because lethal Cd concentration in B. azoricus is unknown, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of a Cd concentration higher than that found in the hydrothermal
vents on oxidative stress biomarkers, such as antioxidant enzymes. Mussels were exposed to 100 μg l−1 Cd during 24, 48 and 144 h, respectively, in a pressurized aquarium (IPOCAMP). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT),
glutathione peroxidases (GPx), total oxyradical scavenging capacity (TOSC), metallothionein (MT) and lipid peroxidation (LPO)
were measured in the gills and mantle of B. azoricus. The results indicate that gills are first affected by Cd toxicity. This may be due to different physiological functions
of the tissues and by the presence of thio and methanotrophic symbiotic bacteria in the gills. The SOD and CAT are inhibited
during the first day of exposure in the gills, although TOSC and MT concentrations were the same in control and exposed mussels.
In the mantle, enzymatic activation only occurred after 6 days, and no significant differences in MT concentrations were found
in the control and exposed mussels during the first day, as observed in the gills. |
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