中国北方地区人工湿地冬季运行效果分析

人工湿地冬季运行效果不佳,是制约着中国北方地区广泛应用的主要因素之一。通过对天津某人工湿地几年的冬季运行实践汇总,系统的分析和总结了北方地区冬季运行和管理的经验,通过采取适当的冬季保温措施（如表面覆盖、对裸露地面的输水设施进行保温等）和优化运行管理方式（如强化预处理、连续进水、定水位出水、保持适当进水量等）,保证了人工湿地冬季的稳定运行及各类污染物的高效去除。通过2011年和2012年两年的冬运分析,2011年四项污染物平均去除率28%,2012年四项污染物平均去除率40%,说明人工湿地在中国北方冬季低温运行是可行的。因此,在采取适当措施后,北方潜流湿地的冬季运行仍可维持较好的处理效果。

Analysis of Operational Efficiency of Constructed Wetlands in Winter in Northern China

Generally speaking,the lower operational efficiency of constructed wetlands has been a barrier for its wide use in northern China.Based on the practical experience for a few years from certain constructed wetlands in Tianjin,the experience of management and operation was systematically analyzed and summarized on the use of constructed wetlands in winter in northern China.The purification rate of constructed wetlands in winter could be kept in a stable level by appropriate insulation measures（e.g.,surface cover,insulation of uncovered water pipes on the ground） and management improvement（e.g.,strengthening pretreatment,continuing water intake,setting the level of outgoing water,keeping an appropriate amount of incoming water）.Based on the data of 2011 and 2012 winters,the average purification rate was 28% in 2011 and 40% in 2012,indicating that the use of constructed wetlands in winter in northern China is feasible.In conclusion,the operational efficiency of constructed wetlands in winter in northern China could be kept at a satisfied level after taking appropriate measures.