锡林河河漫滩湿地植物群落特征及物种多样性分析

内蒙古高原草原区湿地具有不同于典型湿地的特征,同时还兼具草原的一些特征,在保持生物多样性和珍惜物种资源方面具有不可替代的重要作用.通过样方调查,以重要值为数量特征,采用指示种分析法和多样性指数测定,对内蒙古高原典型内陆河流——锡林河中游河漫滩湿地植被群落特征及物种多样性进行了系统分析和研究.结果表明:(1)锡林河中游河漫滩湿地植被依微地形由高河漫滩向低河漫滩可分为芦苇+羊草,黄花苜蓿+无茫雀麦,灰脉苔草+早熟禾,水甜茅群落,小糠草+蒙古扁穗草等5个群落,以禾本科、菊科、豆科三大草本为主,建群种有别于典型湿地和典型草原群落.(2)植物水分生态类型以湿生、中生为主且无水生类型,具有典型湿地和草原的双重特征;(3)湿地植物群落物种多样性、均匀性和丰富度表现出相似的变化趋势,多样性和丰富度较草甸草原低但高于典型草原;(4)锡林河河漫滩湿地植物群落是典型河流湿地和典型草原之间的过渡类型.表6,参28.

Analysis for Plant Community Characteristics and Species Diversity of the Floodplain Wetland in the Xilin River

This paper analyzed plant community characteristic and species diversity of floodplain wetland in the Xilinhe river basin by the species composition,life-form,the type of water ecology,floristic composition and community diversity. It indicated that some characteristics of floodplain wetlands in the Xilin river basin were different from the typical wetlands and grasslands in the following aspects：（ 1） The floodplain wetland vegetation was dominated by herbs,and the constructive species were different from typical wetland communities and grassland communities.（ 2） The floodplain wetland plant ecological type groups were dominated by mesophytes and hydrophytes,but no aquatic plants,which was different from the typical wetland,meadow steppe and typical grassland.（ 3） The diversity index,uniformity index and richness index of floodplain wetlands had the similar trend from southeast to northwest.（ 4） Diversity of wetlands and richness index were Lower than the meadow steppe but higher than typical steppe.（ 5） The floodplain wetlands plant community was degraded wet meadow,and also was a degeneration of transition type between typical wetlands and typical grasslands. 6tabs.,28refs.