铬在小鼠体内的蓄积效应与毒性

铬的工业用途很广,主要用于金属加工、电镀、制革等行业,这些行业排放的三废导致了环境铬污染,对环境生态和人体健康造成危害。为探究铬对动物的毒性作用,选择昆明种纯系小白鼠作为受试生物,研究六价铬在小鼠体内的蓄积效应及毒性。结果显示,饮用水中一定浓度的六价铬(15~70 mg·L-1)可抑制小鼠体重的正常增长,染毒30 d后,小鼠肝脏和肾脏脏器系数下降,脾脏和脑的脏器系数提高;总铬含量在心脏和脾脏中增高,其他脏器中无明显蓄积效应;铬染毒组小鼠骨髓细胞活性氧水平提高,骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率显著增高。结果表明,通过饮水摄入六价铬可造成小鼠肝肾损伤,心脏和脾脏内铬蓄积,并通过活性氧损伤效应破坏机体的遗传稳定性。

Accumulation and Toxicity of Hexavalent Chromium in Mice

Chromium (Cr) compounds are widely used in the industry, mainly for metal processing, electroplating, leather and other industry. Waste air, solid waste and waste water produced from these industry processing lead to high content of chromium in the environment, which is harmful to ecological environment and human health. In order to evaluate the toxicity of chromium, the male mice of Kunming species were used to test the toxic effect of hexavalent chromium (Cr6+). The results show that oral intake of Cr6+ by drinking water could cause growth inhibition, chromium accumulation and organ coefficient change. The body weight was significant decreased after 30 days Cr6+ intake by drinking water respectively containing 15 mg·L-1, 30 mg·L-1, 50 mg·L-1 and 70 mg·L-1 of Cr6+, meanwhile the ratio of liver or kidney weight to recipient body weight was decreased, the ratio of spleen or brain weight to recipient body weight was increased. Hexavalent chromium intake lead to higher content of chromium in the heart and spleen, while no obvious chromium accumulation was observed in other organs. Moreover, Cr6+ intake caused a significant increase in micronuclei frequency in eosinophils polychromatic erythrocyte as well as oxidative stress in mouse bone marrow. Our results showed that chromium intake caused the liver and kidney damage, chromium accumulation in the heart and spleen, and the genetic damage due to enhanced active oxygen species production. The present results suggest that oral intake chromium might cause irreversible damage to bone marrow tissue and various organs.