海藻多糖稀土配合物对蔬菜有机磷农药残留的降解作用

以小白菜、甘蓝、芹菜为试验材料,采用大田试验研究了海藻多糖稀土配合物对蔬菜中有机磷农药残留的影响.试验结果表明,叶面喷施海藻多糖稀土配合物对小白菜、甘蓝、芹菜中毒死蜱、氧化乐果、敌敌畏等有机磷农药残留具有明显的降解作用;对甘蓝中毒死蜱和氧化乐果的降解效果优于小白菜,但对芹菜中毒死蜱的降解效果远不及甘蓝和小白菜,表现出一定的作物选择性.叶面喷施海藻多糖稀土配合物对敌敌畏等磷酸酯类有机磷农药的降解作用比毒死蜱、氧化乐果等硫代磷酸酯类有机磷农药的降解强烈,表现出一定的农药选择性;另外,喷水对叶片表面残存农药具有一定的冲洗作用,可减少叶面农药的残留量;叶面喷施海藻多糖稀土配合物对甘蓝和小白菜中有机磷农药的降解率远高于叶面喷水.以上结果表明海藻多糖稀土配合物确实具有降解有机磷农药残留的作用.在蔬菜生产中将海藻多糖稀土配合物作为农药残留降解制剂是可行的,有利于蔬菜安全生产和提高蔬菜产品的食用安全性。

Effects of Complexes of Alga Polysaccharide with Rare Earth on Degradation of Organophosphorous Pesticide Residues in Vegetables

Effects of complexes of alga polysaccharide with rare earth on degradation of organophosphorus pesticides residues in pakchoi, cabbage and celery were investigated. Results showed that degradation effects of complexes of alga polysaccharide with rare earth on chlorpyrifos, omethoate and dichlorvos in pakchoi, cabbage and celery were very obvious. Degradation effects on chlorpyrifos and omethoate in cabbage were superior to that in pakchoi, and degradation effect on chlorpyrifos in celery was not so good as that in cabbage and pakchoi, by spraying complexes of alga polysaccharide with rare earth. Degradation effect of complexes of alga polysaccharide with rare earth on dichlorvos, as organophosphorus insecticide of phosphorus acid ester, was intense than those on chlorpyrifos and omethoate, as organophosphorus insecticide of thiophosphorus acid ester. Therefore it was indicative of definite selectivity for organophosphorus insecticide. In addition, water spray could wash out pesticide remained in blade surface, and reduce residue in vegetables. The degradation rate of complexes of alga polysaccharide with rare earth on organic phosphorus pesticide in cabbage and pakchoi outclassed that by spraying water. It was proved that complexes of alga polysaccharide with rare earth could degrade pesticide residue effectively.