3种不同功效医药品活性成分对发光菌的毒性作用

因药物活性成分的环境残留引发的风险和健康问题成为公众关注的焦点。本文以海洋发光细菌为受试生物,研究了布洛芬、阿奇霉素、三氯生3种医药品的单一和联合毒性作用。结果表明,3种医药品对发光菌的EC_(50)值分别为:36.5×10~(-5)、30.26×10~(-5)和0.0155×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1);二元及多元混合体系对发光菌的EC_(50)值高于单一体系的毒性作用,进一步采用相加指数法(AI)、毒性单位法(TU)、混合毒性指数法(MTI)评价3种医药品多元体系的联合毒性的作用类型,取得了一致的评价结果。3种医药品的二元混合体系及多元混合体系的作用类型均属于拮抗作用,但拮抗作用的强弱不同,这与医药品不同药效官能团结构可影响其对微生物生理生化反应过程有关。研究3种医药品对发光菌急性毒性作用可为该类新型污染物的环境风险评价提供基础数据。

The Toxic Effects of Three Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients with Different Efficacy to Photobacterium phosphoreum

The environmental residues of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) lead to the risks and health problems, which have become the focus of public attention. In this paper, the individual and joint toxicities of three APIs, including ibuprofen, azithromycin, and triclosan, to Photobacterium phosphoreum were studied. The endpoint values of EC₅₀ for three pharmaceuticals were 36.5×10^-5, 30.26×10^-5, and 0.0155×10^-5 mol L^-1 respectively. The toxicities for different mixture units to Photobacterium phosphoreum are higher than that of the individual toxicity. Furthermore, the Additive Index Method (AI), the Toxicity Unit Method (TU), the Mixed Toxicity Index Method (MTI) were used to evaluate the type of joint toxicity of the multiple systems of three pharmaceuticals, and a consistent evaluation result was obtained. Antagonistic effects were observed in the binary and ternary systems with the different antagonistic strength. It was deduced that different functional groups of studied pharmaceuticals could affect the physiological and biochemical reaction process of organisms. The obtained data of the acute toxicities for pharmaceuticals to Photobacterium phosphoreum could be helpful to evaluate environmental risk of emerging pollutants.