新烟碱类农药的污染现状及转化行为研究进展

新烟碱类(neonicotinoids)农药自在20世纪80年代中期引入以来,便发展成为世界上使用最广泛的一类杀虫剂。近年来,该类化合物在环境中被不断检出,并通过饮用水和食物等方式进入食物链,给人类健康带来极大的安全隐患。文章综述了新烟碱类杀虫剂在空气、土壤、水相、生物体和人体中的暴露浓度,以及这类农药在环境中的转化行为。目前针对新烟碱类杀虫剂的环境暴露研究仍十分有限,需要更全面调查其在多环境介质中的暴露状况以综合评价其生态风险。关于新烟碱类化合物的毒理学研究主要集中在急性毒性试验,而对于其他形式的毒性效应有待进一步研究。最后对新烟碱农药未来的研究重点和方向提出了展望。

A Review on Occurence and Transformation Behaviors of Neonicotinoid Pesticides

Since the introduction in the mid-1980s, neonicotinoid pesticides have become the most widely used pesticides in the world. In recent years, the neonicotinoid pesticides are frequently detected in environment. They can enter the food chain through drinking water and foodstuff, posing a serious threat to human health. This article reviews the occurrence and exposure concentrations of neonicotinoids in air, soil, water, biota and even humans, as well as their transformation behaviors in environment. It is found that limited information is available on their environmental exposure. Therefore, to make a comprehensive evaluation of the ecological risk, the exposure of neonicotinoid pesticides in multiple environmental media should be investigated. Additionally, the toxicological studies on neonicotinoids mainly focus on the acute toxicity tests, thus more researches are needed to identify other toxic effects. In this study, we also proposed the future research focuses and directions of neonicotinoid pesticides.