兽用抗生素在土壤环境中的行为及其生态毒理效应研究进展

目前全球至少有70%左右的抗生素被用于畜牧业和水产养殖业,这些抗生素大多不能被动物完全吸收,以母体或代谢物的形式排出动物体外的抗生素约占用药量的40～90%,排出体外的抗生素大多随粪便等进入环境尤其是土壤环境中并在其中累积.为了明确兽用抗生素对环境中生物等的影响,合理评价兽用抗生素的环境风险,论文就土壤环境中兽用抗生素的来源,兽用抗生素在土壤环境中的吸附、迁移、降解以及对环境中生物的影响等方面进行了综述,在此基础上提出了今后的重点研究方向.

A Review on Fate and Ecological Toxicity of Veterinary Antibiotics in Soil Environments

More than 70% of total amounts of antibiotics produced in the world were used as food additives or veterinary medicines in stockbreeding and fishery. Most of these veterinary antibiotics could not be completely absorbed by animals and approximately 40~90% of the amounts of the antibiotics applied were discharged through dejecta in the parent or metabolized forms. Consequently, the accumulation of antibiotics in soil environments occurred when the animal dejecta was applied into fields as organic fertilizers. In order to illustrate the impacts of veterinary antibiotics on living organisms and rationally assess the ecological risk of veterinary antibiotics in soil environments, we reviewed the origins of veterinary antibiotics in soils and the characterizations of sorption, translocation, and degradation of veterinary antibiotics in soils, and their impacts on living organisms in soil environments. Future research directions in this field were also recommended.