三种双酰胺类杀虫剂制剂对大型溞生长发育和繁殖的影响

为探索双酰胺类杀虫剂对大型溞的慢性毒性,本文采用氟虫双酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺和溴氰虫酰胺3种双酰胺类杀虫剂制剂,测定其对大型溞生长发育和繁殖的影响,明确其对大型溞的慢性毒性以及大型溞对该类杀虫剂敏感的端点指标。结果表明,氟虫双酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺和溴氰虫酰胺3种制剂对大型溞的寿命、体长、蜕皮数、首胎时长、产胎数、单雌产溞数等端点指标具有不同程度的影响。3种杀虫剂显著减少大型溞蜕皮数的最低浓度分别为1.00×10-2mg·L~(-1)、1.00×10-4mg·L~(-1)、1.25×10-3mg·L~(-1);显著缩短寿命的最低浓度分别为5.00×10-3mg·L~(-1)、1.00×10~(-4)mg·L~(-1)和1.25×10-3mg·L~(-1);显著缩短体长的最低浓度分别为5.00×10-3mg·L~(-1)、8.00×10-4mg·L~(-1)和1.00×10~(-2)mg·L~(-1);显著减少产胎数的最低浓度分别为1.00×10-2mg·L~(-1)、4.00×10-4mg·L~(-1)和1.00×10-2mg·L~(-1);显著减少单雌产溞数的最低浓度分别为1.00×10~(-2)mg·L~(-1)、8.00×10-4mg·L~(-1)和5.00×10-3mg·L~(-1);但是,除溴氰虫酰胺外,其他2种杀虫剂制剂对首胎时长却没有显著影响。端点指标中对氟虫双酰胺的敏感性为寿命和体长蜕皮数、产胎数和单雌产溞数首胎时长;对氯虫苯甲酰胺为蜕皮数和寿命产胎数体长和单雌产溞数首胎时长;对溴氰虫酰胺为蜕皮数和寿命单雌产溞数体长、首胎时长和产胎数。研究结果说明,3种双酰胺类杀虫剂对大型溞的生长发育和繁殖具有不同程度的抑制作用,寿命是评价该类杀虫剂制剂对大型溞慢性毒性的最敏感端点指标。

Effect of Three Diamide Insecticide Preparations on Development and Reproduction of Daphnia magna Straus

We aim to investigate the chronic toxicity of diamide insecticides to Daphnia magna. The effects of three diamide insecticides (flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole) on the development and reproduction of D. magna were tested. The results suggest that these insecticides have different degrees of influence on the longevity, length, number of cumulative molts, days of first brood, number of broods and number of offspring of D. magna. The lowest concentrations that could significantly decrease the number of cumulative molts were 1.00×10-2 mg·L-1, 1.00×10-4 mg·L-1 and 1.25×10-3 mg·L-1 for flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole, respectively. The lowest concentrations for the significantly decreasing the longevity were 5.00×10-3 mg·L-1, 1.00×10-4 mg·L-1 and 1.25×10-3 mg·L-1, respectively. For the significantly decreased length, the lowest concentrations were 5.00×10-3 mg·L-1, 8.00×10-4 mg·L-1 and 1.00×10-2 mg·L-1, respectively. Similarly, the lowest concentrations resulting in the decreased number of broods were 1.00×10-2 mg·L-1, 4.00×10-4 mg·L-1 and 1.00×10-2 mg·L-1, respectively, and the decreased number of offspring were 1.00×10-2 mg·L-1, 8.00×10-4 mg·L-1 and 5.00×10-3 mg·L-1, respectively. There was no significant reduction in the days of first brood in D. magna (except cyantraniliprole). For flubendiamide, arranged in descending order, the sensitive endpoint was longevity and length, number of cumulative molts and number of broods and number of offspring, days of first brood, respectively; for chlorantraniliprole was number of cumulative molts and longevity, number of broods, length and number of offspring, days of first brood, respectively; for cyantraniliprole was number of cumulative molts and longevity, number of offspring, length and days of first brood and number of broods, respectively. Therefore, different degrees of negative effects were demonstrated for three diamide insecticides on development and reproduction of D. magna. For those insecticides, longevity was most sensitive endpoint for evaluating chronic toxicity of D. magna.