环境中抗生素及其生态毒性效应研究进展

近年来,越来越多的抗生素类药物用于在医疗、畜禽和水产养殖业。由于其机体代谢率低,大部分以原药或代谢物的形式经由尿液和粪便排出体外进入环境中,造成抗生素在水体和土壤等环境介质中的残留。这些残留的抗生素会导致潜在的环境风险,其中最严重的是会诱发和传播各类抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs),进而对人类健康产生威胁。本文介绍了环境中抗生素的来源,归趋和残留状况,并且对其所引起的生态毒性效应以及ARGs进行总结,最后指出了目前研究中存在的问题,并对未来研究进行了展望。

The Antibiotic in Environment and Its Ecotoxicity: A Review

In recent years, more and more antibiotic drugs were used in the medical treatment, livestock breeding and aquaculture. Since antibiotic drugs could not be completely absorbed by the body of humans and animals, their parent compounds or related metabolites would be returned back to the aquatic and soil environment via urine or faece, causing their residue in environment. Residual antibiotics drugs could lead to the potential environmental risks, of which the most serious one is to induce and spread antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), subsequently producing threat to human health. This paper mainly described the source, fate and occurrence of antibiotic drugs in the environment, and then we reviewed the ecotoxicity and ARGs caused by antibiotic. In addition, we also pointed out the problems existing in the present studies and prospected the future research work.