彗星试验技术在水生与土壤环境中的毒理学应用

彗星试验是一种检测真核细胞脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)损伤的技术,快速、低成本、适用于几乎所有真核细胞,因此常应用于遗传毒理学、辐射生物学、肿瘤细胞学、毒性检测等方面。尤其以灵敏度高、检测联合毒性的特点大量运用于环境研究中。主要介绍彗星试验方法学发展历程,彗星试验的原理及其在环境领域中的应用,并指出应用中的受限因素以及未来的发展前景,为今后进一步推广该试验技术提供理论上的指导与参考。

The Toxicologic Applications of the Comet Assay in the Aquatic and Soil Environment

The comet assay is a rapid and cost-effective protocol of measuring deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damages, highly suitable for almost all eukaryotic cells. Therefore, it is widely used in the field of genetic toxicity, radiation biology, tumor cytology, toxicity detection etc., particularly with wide applications in environment researches due to its high sensitivity and detection of joint toxicity. This paper mainly reviews the development of the comet assay methodology, its experimental principles and applications in the aquatic and soil environment. More importantly, the limited factors and future prospects for the applications of comet assay in this paper are documented to provide a theoretical guidance and reference for popularizing the comet assay.